Rapid detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peste des Petits Ruminants</Emphasis> (PPR) virus antigen in Sudan by agar gel precipitation (AGPT) and haemagglutination (HA) Tests

AGPT and HA tests were employed for rapid diagnosis of PPRV infection in sheep and goats in Sudan. Forty lymph nodes and spleen samples from suspected cases of PPR in both sheep and goats were examined by AGPT and HA tests for detection of PPRV antigen. Viral antigen was detected from (77.5%) of the samples tested by AGPT and (92.5%) tested by HA test. The results of both tests revealed that HA test was more sensitive than AGPT for detection of PPRV antigen (Kappa statistics 0.4366). Another advantage of the HA test over AGPT was that it can differentiate PPRV from RPV. Thus the HA test represents a quick, easy, simple, cheap and reliable confirmatory test for the diagnosis of PPR and differential diagnosis of PPRV and RPV. The HA test was carried out using chicken, goat and pig RBCs. Chicken RBCs were found to be the most sensitive for detection of PPRV antigen, followed by goat then pig RBCs. The HA time when using chicken RBCs was 20–25 minutes, using goat RBCs was 25–30 minutes and using pig RBCs was 40–45 minutes. The distribution of PPR infection in four different regions of Sudan was investigated.     

铝对黄瓜和黑籽南瓜RBCs生理特性的影响

【目的】探究黄瓜和黑籽南瓜幼苗根系边缘细胞(Root border cells,RBCs)对铝毒的应答差异,进一步阐明黑籽南瓜对铝的抗性机制,为黑籽南瓜作为黄瓜的砧木提供依据。【方法】以‘津研四号’黄瓜和云南黑籽南瓜种子为试材,采用悬空培养法,研究了0(对照,CK),50,100和200μmol/L Al 3+对2种瓜类根畸形率、根长、根鲜质量及RBCs的黏胶层厚度、数目、活率和凋亡率的影响。【结果】与CK相比,随着Al 3+浓度的增大,黄瓜根的畸形率也随之增大,而黑籽南瓜根畸形率无显著变化;2种瓜类的根长、根鲜质量整体均呈下降趋势,但黄瓜根长、根鲜质量下降幅度较黑籽南瓜明显。随着Al 3+浓度的增加,2种瓜类RBCs的数目和活率均明显降低,且黄瓜降低幅度较黑籽南瓜明显;而RBCs凋亡率却随着Al 3+浓度的增加而增大,该现象在黄瓜中较为明显。与CK相比,Al 3+处理明显增加了2种瓜类RBCs的黏胶层厚度,相同Al 3+浓度下黑籽南瓜RBCs的黏胶层厚度均大于黄瓜。【结论】RBCs能提高植物根系抵御Al 3+毒害的能力;黑籽南瓜RBCs因具有数目多、凋亡率低和较厚的黏胶层等特性,故其抵御Al 3+毒害的能力优于黄瓜。