Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

耐受自身代谢产物及耐二甲基亚砜红霉素高产菌株的选育

为提高红霉素发酵单位,考察了二甲基亚砜(DMSO)添加时间和体积分数对红霉素合成的影响,采用筛选自身代谢产物突变株的方法,将突变株进行常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变和耐受高浓度DMSO处理。结果显示,在36 h向发酵瓶中添加30000μg/m L红霉素,筛选得到化学效价比对照提高22.4%的菌株。DMSO最适添加时间为发酵48 h,最适添加剂量为0.2%,其可提高发酵单位10.1%。     

Furazolidone induces the activity of microsomal enzymes that metabolize furazolidone in chickens

The nitrofuran antibacterial agent furazolidone (FZ) is still used in veterinary medicine in some countries in the Middle and Far East. The present study aimed to show the effect of FZ on the activity of microsomal enzymes that metabolize FZ, and to identify the enzyme that contributes to FZ metabolism in chickens. Wistar rats and White Leghorn chickens were administered FZ once a day for four consecutive days. FZ metabolism was accelerated by FZ administration in chickens, but not in rats. The elevation of FZ metabolism coincided with the induction of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) activity in chickens, but such induction was not observed in rats. FZ metabolizing activities were inhibited in the presence of a CPR inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium chloride) but not by the addition of archetypal cytochrome P450 inhibitors (CO or n-octylamine). The preset study concluded that FZ accelerated its own metabolism in the chicken by induction of the activity of CPR.     

Hepatoprotective activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, against paraquat toxicity

Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most countries without restriction. The cytotoxic action of paraquat is mediated by reactive radicals that are products of its metabolic reduction in cells. It has already been hypothesized that some angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril and enalapril) could show antioxidant and radical scavenging activity through their structural thiol groups, increasing antioxidant enzymes production or nitric oxide synthesis. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of captopril and enalapril against paraquat induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity was evaluated in isolated rat hepatocyte. Subtoxic concentrations of captopril (0.2 mM) and enalapril (0.2 mM) significantly (p < 0.05) protected the hepatocytes against paraquat (2 mM) induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers including: cell lysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Moreover, we showed that non-thiol enalapril acts as well as thiol containing captopril at inhibiting oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that it is the increase in nitric oxide synthesis and not the presence of the thiol group that accounts for the antioxidant activity of ACE inhibitors.     

Cryopreservation of Canine Platelets

Background: Platelet cryopreservation allows long-term storage and immediate availability of transfusion products.
Hypothesis: The addition of a preparation inhibiting platelet activation (Thrombosol, in 2% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) will enhance in vitro function and prolong in vivo survival of cryopreserved platelets compared with those preserved in 6% DMSO.
Animals: Thirty-three research dogs.
Methods: Prospective study. Eleven fresh canine apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) were each split into 3 units: fresh and cryopreserved in 6% DMSO or Thrombosol. Platelet analysis, performed 1–10 weeks postfreezing, included in vitro functional testing and in vivo survival assessed by administration of biotinylated platelets.
Results: Platelet aggregation was diminished in cryopreserved PC. Cryopreserved platelets could be activated, as based on mean thrombin-stimulated P-selectin expression (6% DMSO, 23.0%; Thrombosol, 18.4%), although to a lesser extent than fresh PC (49.1%) ( P < .0001). The mean maximum in vivo platelet recovery for fresh PC was 80.3%, significantly greater than recovery for 6% DMSO (49.2%) and Thrombosol PC (43.7%) ( P ≤ .001). The half-life (days) of fresh PC (3.8 ± 0.4) was significantly ( P < .002) greater than that of 6% DMSO (1.9 ± 1.0) and Thrombosol (2.4 ± 1.1) PC, with no difference ( P = .3) between cryopreserved PC.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Cryopreservation of canine platelets using Thrombosol did not provide any advantage over preservation using 6% DMSO. Cryopreserved platelets can be activated in vitro and provide therapeutic benefit when fresh platelets are unavailable. Further studies are needed to assess their in vivo hemostatic function.     

DMSO对小麦种子发芽率及其幼苗素质影响的研究

以绵阳26及绵阳95-319为材料,研究了不同浓度的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对小麦种子发芽率及其幼苗素质的影响.结果发现:适宜浓度(0.1%～0.5%)的DMSO处理小麦种子,可以提高种子发芽率、活力指数、地上部干重、地下部干重和根系活力等.     

稻草在LiCl/DMSO中的溶解及再生性能

  目的  以球磨稻草(水稻Oryza sativa秸秆)为原料,通过氯化锂/二甲亚砜(LiCl/DMSO)溶剂体系处理,探讨球磨稻草在LiCl/DMSO溶剂体系中的溶解行为及再生特点。  方法  选取稻草叶、带节的秆、不带节的秆、全秆等4个部位,设置0.5、1.0 h球磨时间,设置LiCl质量分数为2%、4%、6%、8%的LiCl/DMSO溶剂体系进行溶解后再生,按照标准方法测定纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和灰分等化学成分,通过碱性硝基苯氧化来测定木质素结构单元的产率,分析木质素的缩合程度,采用X射线衍射图谱计算纤维素结晶度,比较再生前后的纤维素的结晶区变化。  结果  球磨1.0 h秆和叶均可完全溶解于LiCl/DMSO溶剂体系,质量分数为8%的LiCl/DMSO溶剂体系可溶解的叶和秆的质量分数能达到10%。经水再生后,80%以上的木质素得以保留,秆中木质素保留率可达到87.5%;经X射线衍射分析,叶中纤维素的结晶度从37.8%下降至27.5%,秆从43.1%下降至26.5%;硝基苯氧化结果表明:再生后,各部位中木质素结构未缩合单元含量均有所增加。  结论  球磨时间、LiCl的质量分数均会影响草粉在LiCl/DMSO溶剂体系中的溶解,再生后,球磨草粉中的化学成分再生能力强,经比较叶中纤维素、木质素的再生能力最低;叶、秆中灰分的分布、沉积有所不同,叶中的灰分再生能力高于秆。各组分经球磨后木质素的缩合程度降低,球磨改善了硝基苯氧化环境。再生后各部位中的纤维素结晶度有所下降,结晶区受到一定程度的破坏。图6表4参36     

水分胁迫下二甲亚砜对香蕉幼苗的生理效应

采用营养液水培法,研究不同浓度二甲亚砜（DMSO）对聚乙二醇胁迫下香蕉幼苗的生理效应。结果表明,在10%PEG-6000 胁迫下,香蕉叶片的可溶糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、质膜透性、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量均显著增加,根系活力和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著升高。0.1%~0.4%DMSO 处理缓解水分胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化,抑制水分胁迫下香蕉苗叶片丙二醛含量上升,降低脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量,降低根系活力。0.4%DMSO 处理香蕉叶片质膜透性和丙二醛含量比胁迫对照分别下降24.8%和25.2%,根系活力比胁迫对照下降22.8%。     

Activities of biotransformation enzymes in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and their modulation by in vivo administration of mebendazole and flubendazole

Basal activities of certain pheasant hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes and modulation of their activities by anthelmintics flubendazole (FLBZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) were investigated in subcellular fractions that were prepared from liver and small intestine of control and FLBZ or MBZ treated birds. Several oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzyme activities were assessed. In the liver, treatment of pheasants by FLBZ or MBZ caused very slight or no changes in monooxygenase activities and conjugation enzymes. More significative changes were detected in small intestine. Metyrapone and daunorubicin reductase activities were increased by both substances in the liver. This is the first evidence that certain benzimidazoles modulate reductases of carbonyl group. With respect to the relatively slight extent of the changes caused by FLBZ or MBZ we can assume that repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both FLBZ and MBZ has probably no serious influence on pheasant biotransformation enzyme system.