不同贮藏年限老芒麦种胚线粒体抗氧化功能的变化规律

种子在自然贮藏过程中常常伴随着内部生理机能的恶化，线粒体作为种子内活性氧（reactive oxide species，ROS）产生的主要位点是最先遭到破坏的细胞器。为探讨不同贮藏年限对老芒麦种胚线粒体抗氧化功能的影响，本试验以室温贮藏0～4年的老芒麦种子为材料，分析比较其老化规律及种胚线粒体抗氧化特性的变化规律。结果表明：随着贮藏年限的延长，老芒麦种子发芽势、发芽率和种苗鲜重逐渐下降，死种子逐渐增多，种胚线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶（mitochondria malate dehydrogenase，MDH）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（glutathione reductase，GR）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（monodehydroascorbate reductase，MDHAR）活性逐渐下降，但在死种子中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性显著升高。此外，在贮藏过程中老芒麦种胚线粒体O₂^·-产生速率不断上升，而H₂O₂含量则呈现逐渐降低的趋势，表明线粒体中O₂^·-的积累与细胞氧化损伤密切相关。     

急、慢性冷应激对雏鸡腓肠肌及血清抗氧化功能的影响

【目的】探讨自由基在冷应激对禽类机体损伤中所起的作用,为探索促进动物冷适应的方法,提高动物的抗寒能力提供一定的理论依据;【方法】应用化学比色法检测了急、慢性冷应激对腓肠肌和血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响;【结果】急性应激时,随应激时间的延长,腓肠肌T-AOC与SOD活性均逐渐降低,GSH-Px活性、CAT活性及MDA含量均逐渐升高,血清T-AOC逐渐降低,GSH-Px活性、CAT活性、SOD活性及MDA含量均逐渐升高;慢性应激时,随应激时间的延长,腓肠肌T-AOC、GSH-Px活性、CAT活性及SOD活性均逐渐升高,MDA含量逐渐降低,血清T-AOC、GSH-Px活性、CAT活性及MDA含量均逐渐升高,SOD活性逐渐降低;【结论】表明急、慢性冷应激均可使机体的抗氧化功能发生改变,诱发氧化胁迫,导致机体内自由基增多,对机体造成损伤。     

一氧化碳对切花月季瓶插寿命和抗氧化代谢的影响

 研究了不同浓度(0.001、0.01和0.1μmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源一氧化碳(CO) 供体高铁血红素(Hematin, H) 对切花月季‘影星’的瓶插寿命和抗氧化代谢的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, CO供体在0.001～0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}范围内, 随使用浓度的提高延长了切花月季的瓶插寿命, 其中0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}处理效果最明显, 而0.1μmol·L ^{- 1}的处理反而缩短切花月季的瓶插寿命。进一步研究发现, H 0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}处理还不同程度地上调前期过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性, 显著降低MDA含量。     

Responses of Components of Antioxidant System in Moongbean Genotypes to Cadmium Stress

Four genotypes (Pusa 9531, Pusa 9072, Pusa Vishal, PS‐16) of moongbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] grown in earthen pots were treated with cadmium at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg^?1 soil. Cadmium tolerance (CdT), the ability of a plant to maintain growth at high levels of cadmium (Cd), was calculated as the ratio of dry‐matter production in the untreated and the Cd‐treated soils. The moongbean genotypes showed a differential response to Cd concentrations; Pusa 9531 was identified as Cd tolerant, whereas PS 16 was Cd susceptible. To find out the physiological basis of these differences, we investigated the possible role of antioxidant (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) defense systems. Activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and the amounts of ascorbate and glutathione were monitored in the Cd‐tolerant and Cd‐sensitive moongbean genotypes. The results revealed the presence of a strong antioxidant defense system in the Cd‐tolerant genotype (Pusa 9531) for providing adequate protection against oxidative stress caused by Cd.     

Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Abilities of Antioxidative and γ-glutamyl Transpeptidase Activities in Liver and Intestine of Piglets Fed Diets Containing Raw Soybean

Eighteen male piglets weaned at 28 days age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments(1% glutamate, 1% and 2 % glutamine supplementation). The basal diet contained 5 % raw soybean. The di-ets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The level of plasma glutahione (GSH) increasedmarkedly in piglets fed glutamine, and the response was related to dose. In treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the levels ofplasma GSH were significantly higher than that in the control at the 35 days age (P＜0.05). The level of plas-ma GSH in treatment Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the control at 42 days age (P＜0.05). At 49days age, there was no significantly difference of the level of GSH in plasma, liver, spleen, intestine and mes-enteric lymph node. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and spleen was higher than that of thecontrol, however, the difference wasn't significant. Dietary glutamine supplementation decreased γ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) activities in liver. The activities of γ-GT of liver protein in treatment Ⅱ were signifi-cantly lower than that in the control (P＜0. 05). The activities of γ-GT of duodenum in treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱwere also significantly lower than that in the control (P＜0.05). But there were no significant differences ofthe activities of γ-GT in jejunum and ileum. The results showed that dietary glutamine supplementation in-creased the level of plasma GSH, and decreased γ-GT activities.     

硅对小麦生长及其抗氧化酶系统的影响

本文研究了基施硅营养对小麦分蘖期的生长状况、叶片类脂脂肪酸组成及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果显示 ,施硅促进了小麦的生长 ;降低了膜脂过氧化程度 ,提高了叶片类脂脂肪酸的不饱和度。但施硅处理对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)活性没有影响 ,却使过氧化物酶 (POD)与过氧化氢酶 (CAT )活性下降 ,暗示POD和CAT具备在较低活力水平上高效清除H2 O2 等强氧化剂的可能性。     

准噶尔山楂叶总黄酮的超声波提取及抗氧化研究

[目的]为准噶尔山楂叶的综合利用和深度开发提供一定的参考。[方法]利用超声波法提取准噶尔山楂叶中的总黄酮,用总黄酮提取率作为衡量提取工艺的指标,对影响超声波提取的多个因子进行单因素、正交试验分析。[结果]准噶尔山楂叶中的总黄酮的超声波提取最佳条件为:乙醇浓度80%,提取温度50℃,提取时间50 min,提取功率75 W,总黄酮的得率高达84.50%;影响总黄酮得率的主次因素依次为:乙醇浓度提取时间提取功率提取温度。[结论]准噶尔山楂叶总黄酮有较强的清除自由基能力,表现出明显的抗氧化性。     

茶叶中多酚类物质抗氧化活性的量子化学计算研究

抗氧化剂活性的评价是医药、保健、食品和化妆品等领域研究的热点课题。本文以茶叶中的多酚类物质为研究对象,采用AMl法对多酚类物质的抗氧化活性进行了量子化学计算。结果表明,通过比较生成热（HOF）值可以直接表征多酚类物质的抗氧化活性,即HOF值越低,多酚类的抗氧化活性越强。同时,本文对多酚类物质的抗氧化机理提出了新的观点：在多酚类物质的抗氧化过程中,酚羟基、氢原子和醇羟基都发挥了抗氧化作用。     

Antioxidant defence of colostrum and milk in consecutive lactations in sows

Background

Parturition is supposed to be related to oxidative stress, not only for the mother, but also for the newborn. Moreover, it is not clear whether consecutive pregnancies, parturitions, and lactations are similar to each other in regards to intensity of metabolic processes or differ from each other. The aim of the study was to compare dynamic changes of antioxidative parameters in colostrum and milk of sows taken during 72 h postpartum from animals in consecutive lactations. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GSH-Tr), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and amount of vitamin A and C were measured. Healthy pregnant animals were divided into 4 groups according to the assessed lactation: A -1^st lactation (n = 10), B - 2^nd and 3^rd lactation (n = 7), C - 4^th and 5^th lactation (n = 11), D - 6^th - 8^th lactation (n = 8). The colostrum was sampled immediately after parturition and after 6, 12, 18 and 36 h while the milk was assessed at 72 h after parturition. Spectrophotometric methods were used for measurements.

Results

The activity of antioxidative enzymes and the concentration of vitamin A increased with time postpartum. The concentration of vitamin C was the highest between the 18th and 36th h postpartum.

Conclusions

Dynamic changes in the values of antioxidant parameters measured during the study showed that sows milk provides the highest concentration of antioxidants in the 2^nd and 3^rd and 4^th and 5^th lactation giving the best defence against reactive oxygen species to newborns and mammary glands.     

天然抗氧化剂茶多酚对水产品的抗氧化研究

茶多酚是一种天然的抗氧化剂,其在食品中应用广泛。综述了茶多酚的结构、在水产品中的应用、抗氧化机理以及茶多酚的改性研究,并展望了茶多酚的应用前景,为天然抗氧化剂茶多酚的开发利用提供理论支持。