羊驼Cytb基因序列的测定及其研究

测定了羊驼线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因部分序列，并与骆驼科其它物种细胞色素b基因进行同源序列比较，分析了碱基组成及变异情况，并用邻接法和最大简约法构建了分子系统树，在分子水平上探讨了羊驼在骆驼科动物中的分类地位。结果表明，羊驼与骆马和美洲驼存在的遗传差异相对比羊驼与原驼大，为传统分类学中的羊驼是原驼驯化以后的一种家养驼的提法提供了分子学依据。     

骆驼科动物的比较生物学特性

对骆驼科的3属6种动物,双峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼、原驼和骆马的地理分布、形态特征、饮食习性、行为学、生殖特性及生存环境等进行了系统的阐述,以期为人们在研究骆驼科动物的生物学特性时提供参考。     

羊驼的消化特征与饲养条件

原产于海拔 4 0 0 0～ 4 90 0m的安第斯山脉的羊驼 (alpaca) ,为了适应当地恶劣的地理、气候条件 ,经过长期的风土驯化 ,形成了自己独特的解剖学结构 ,从而决定了其各种生理机能。本文就羊驼消化系统的解剖学特征、生理学特性、营养需求及常见的消化系统疾病进行了综述 ,旨在使人们对羊驼的饲养条件有所了解     

羊驼呼吸系统形态结构观察

用大体解剖学方法研究了羊驼呼吸系统的形态结构,用组织学方法研究了羊驼肺的组织结构,并与文献报道的骆驼的呼吸系统,牛、羊、马、猪等的呼吸系统进行了比较。结果显示,羊驼呼吸系统的组成与其它家畜相同,都是由鼻、咽、喉、气管、支气管和肺组成,但各器官有其特点。羊驼呼吸系统形态结构类似于骆驼和马,肺的组织结构类似于其它家畜,但也有其独特之处。     

Acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia in an alpaca

An 18-year-old female alpaca was presented to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for chronic ill thrift over a 1-year period. Six weeks previously, an infected left mandibular cheek tooth was removed by oral extraction. On physical examination the patient was cachectic, lethargic, and weak. Abnormalities on the CBC included neutropenia, thrombocytosis, and severe nonregenerative, macrocytic, hypochromic anemia. Dysplastic nucleated erythrocytes and micromegakaryocytes were observed on the peripheral blood smear. Neutrophils, bands, and metamyelocytes appeared markedly toxic. Numerous blasts containing variable numbers of fine azurophilic granules were also observed. Based on their morphology, the cells were interpreted to be progranulocytes and myeloblasts, and a presumptive diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was made. The blast cells accounted for 60% of the nucleated cell population on bone marrow aspirates, further supporting a diagnosis of AML with multilineage dysplasia. Post mortem examination showed infiltration of the neoplastic cells into spleen, liver, kidney, and lymph nodes. Based on histologic findings, the morphologic diagnoses were disseminated myeloid neoplasia, chronic regionally extensive tooth root abscess, and membranous glomerulonephritis. The neoplastic cells were CD172a-positive on flow cytometry, chloroacetate esterase-positive by cytochemistry, and myeloperoxidase-positive by immunohistochemistry, confirming myeloid origin. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AML with multilineage dysplasia in an alpaca, with only one other case of myelodysplasia described previously in this species.     

羊驼毛纤维中黑色素含量的相关性研究

为研究羊驼毛纤维中黑色素含量的相关性,以为建立鉴定羊驼毛色的参数标准提供理论依据。选择肉眼观察认为表型不同的22种自然毛色的羊驼,每个表型选取3只羊驼,从背部采集羊驼毛,用不同的方法溶解,以乌贼黑为标准品,用紫外分光光度计法测定羊驼毛纤维中碱性可溶总黑色素(ASM)、真黑素(EM)和褐黑素(PM)的含量,通过单因素方差和线性回归曲线分别分析不同毛色羊驼毛纤维中黑色素的差异性和相关性。结果表明：ASM和EM在不同毛色的毛纤维中呈差异显著（分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;而PM呈差异不显著(P＞0.05)。线性回归曲线得到模式方程式：模式1：Sp.ASM＝-0.313+3.168×Sp.EM+E(R2：0.902,t=-3.732,P=0.000,E为误差项;模式2：Sp.EM＝0.285+0.143×Sp.ASM+E (R2：0.902,t=6.769,P=0.000,E为误差项。因此,羊驼ASM和EM与毛色具有很大的相关性,可以作为区别毛色的重要参数,二者间存在线性回归。