基于循环残差注意力的群养生猪实例分割

目的 在群养环境下，实现生猪粘连、杂物遮挡等不同条件下生猪个体的高精度分割。方法 对真实养殖场景下的8栏日龄20~105 d共45头群养生猪进行研究，以移动相机拍摄图像为数据源，并执行改变亮度、加入高斯噪声等数据增强操作获取标注图片3 834张。探究基于2个骨干网络ResNet50、ResNet101与2个任务网络Mask R-CNN、Cascade mask R-CNN交叉结合的多种模型，并将循环残差注意力(RRA)思想引入2个任务网络模型中，在不显著增加计算量的前提下提升模型特征提取能力、提高分割精度。结果 选用Mask R-CNN-ResNet50比Cascade mask R-CNN-ResNet50在AP_0.5、AP_0.75、AP_0.5-0.95和AP_{0.5-0.95-large}指标上分别提升4.3%、3.5%、2.2%和2.2%；加入不同数量的RRA模块以探究其对各个任务模型预测性能影响，试验表明加入2个RRA模块后对各个任务模型的提升效果最为明显。结论 加入2个RRA模块的Mask R-CNN-ResNet50模型可以更精确、有效地对不同场景群养生猪进行分割，为后续生猪身份识别与行为分析提供模型支撑。     

Laryngeal mask airway insertion requires less propofol than endotracheal intubation in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare the doses of propofol required for insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with those for endotracheal intubation in sedated dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical study. Animals Sixty healthy dogs aged 0.33-8.5 (3.0 +/- 2.3, mean +/- SD) years, weighing 2.2-59.0 (23.4 +/- 13.6, mean +/- SD) kg, presented for elective surgery requiring inhalation anaesthesia. METHODS: Animals were randomly assigned to receive either a LMA or an endotracheal tube. Pre-anaesthetic medication was intravenous (IV) glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg kg(-1)) medetomidine (10 microg kg(-1)) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg(-1)). Repeated IV propofol injections (1 mg kg(-1) in 30 seconds) were given until LMA insertion or endotracheal intubation was achieved, when the presence or absence of laryngospasm, the respiratory rate (fr) and the total dose of propofol used were recorded. RESULTS: The total propofol dose (mean +/- SD) required for LMA insertion (0.53 +/- 0.51 mg kg(-1)) was significantly lower than for endotracheal intubation (1.43 +/- 0.57 mg kg(-1)). The LMA could be inserted without propofol in 47% of dogs; the remainder needed a single 1 mg kg(-1) bolus (n = 30). Endotracheal intubation was possible without propofol in 3.3% of the dogs, 47% needed one bolus and 50% required two injections (n = 30). The f(r) (mean +/- SD) was 18 +/- 6 and 15 +/- 7 minute(-1) after LMA insertion and intubation, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laryngeal mask airway insertion requires less propofol than endotracheal intubation in sedated dogs therefore propofol-induced cardiorespiratory depression is likely to be less severe. The LMA is well tolerated and offers a less invasive means of securing the upper airway.     

Airway management under general anaesthesia in pigs using the LMA-ProSeal: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the LMA-ProSeal for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the pig. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: Twelve German country pigs, weighing 25-62 kg. METHOD: Lungs of pigs were mechanically ventilated under general anaesthesia using the LMA-ProSeal. The ease of insertion, number of attempts and total time until placement of the LMA-ProSeal and gastric tube were recorded. Bronchoscopy was performed to determine the position of the LMA-ProSeal and to detect signs of aspiration. Ventilation variables and the leak airway pressure (P(leak)) were measured. An arterial blood gas sample was taken to determine the adequacy of ventilation. RESULTS: The airway was secured in all pigs within 39 +/- 19 seconds (27-51). Different sizes of LMA-ProSeal were used; up to 30 kg: size 3, up to 43 kg: size 4; and above 43 kg: size 5. In all but one animal the P-LMA and gastric tube were inserted at the first attempt. In nine animals gastric fluid was drained through the gastric tube. There was no evidence of aspiration in any animal. The mean [+/-SD (95%CI)]P(leak) was 28.8 +/- 7.5 cm H(2)O (24.06-33.60) and normal ventilation was achieved in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the airway of pigs weighing 25-62 kg can be secured safely and reliably with the sizes 3, 4 and 5 LMA-ProSeal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endotracheal intubation in pigs can be difficult so there is a risk of hypoxemia in the apnoeic animal. With the LMA-ProSeal the airway can be secured rapidly, safely and reliably. Use of the Standard-LMA under PPV can be associated with gas leakage into the stomach and the subsequent risk of gastric distension and regurgitation. Both the ability to drain the stomach and the high P(leak) of the LMA-ProSeal could contribute to improved protection against aspiration under PPV.     

道路和居民点对锡林郭勒草地风蚀参数的影响

土壤风蚀是锡林郭勒草地主要的生态环境问题之一,区域内道路和居民点对草地风蚀有重要影响而尚未受到足够的关注与研究。将遥感影像目视解译提取的道路和居民点信息,与表征土壤性质、地表植被覆盖等方面的8个风蚀参数进行空间叠加,采用掩膜处理等GIS方法分析各参数的空间变化特征,以探究道路和居民点对风蚀地表参数的影响。结果表明:距道路和居民点越近,植被覆盖率、高度均减小,表层土壤砂粒含量增加,土壤容重变大;居民点对风蚀参数影响的最大距离为2 000 m,道路为400 m;在影响距离内,植被覆盖各参数变化幅度大于土壤性质各参数,居民点对风蚀参数的影响大于道路;道路和居民点明显增加了周边区域的风蚀危险性,因此进行风蚀评价与估算时,应在相关指标体系与模型中考虑道路和居民点这两个影响因子。该研究可以为草原风蚀机理研究、风蚀治理提供科学参考。     

Experimental evaluation of four airway devices in anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits

Objective

To compare airway management during induction of anaesthesia, spontaneous ventilation (SV) and controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), using an endotracheal tube (ETT), laryngeal mask (LM), rabbit-specific supraglottic airway device (v-gel) or facemask (FM).

量化修剪与喷施苹果面膜对果园经济效益的影响

为减少果园用工费,提高果园经济效益,在渭北旱塬以常规修剪苹果园为对照,监测量化修剪对疏花疏果用工费、果实品质和果园经济效益等的影响;在陕北丘陵沟壑区以苹果套袋（纸袋）为对照,监测喷施苹果面膜（腐殖酸型苹果免套袋膜剂）替代果实套袋对果园用工费、果实品质和果园经济效益等的影响。结果表明,量化修剪在冬季修剪时较常规修剪多支付用工费4500元/hm²,疏花可减少11250元/hm²,疏果可减少2250元/hm²;量化修剪的苹果单果重大,品质高,产值提高13.73%;经济效益提高34860元/hm²。喷施苹果面膜较果实套袋和去袋可减少用工费22850元/hm²,材料费减少8250元/hm²;喷施苹果面膜提高了苹果的外观商品价值和贮藏运输性能,产值提高50.01%;果园经济效益提高192900元/hm²。量化修剪和喷施苹果面膜降低了果园用工费,提高了果园经济效益,果园管理过程中应积极开展量化修剪和喷施苹果面膜。     

基于图像处理的甘蔗茎节识别与定位

为实现含有蔗芽的有效蔗种片段机器智能切断,运用图像处理技术对甘蔗茎节进行识别定位。通过背景转换、灰度级变换、中值滤波和自动阈值获取甘蔗的二值化图像;采用阈值和孔洞填充实现甘蔗区域的分割,通过regionprops函数测定该区域的质心、倾角和等效长短轴长度;以分割后的甘蔗图像对二值化图像掩膜,得到含有茎节和干扰信息的图像;对该图像进行旋转,计算每列像素值之和,统计分析最大值所在列,并结合质心、等效长短轴得到茎节上下端点坐标;以倾角的度数进行反向旋转,最终得到茎节位置。试验结果表明:甘蔗茎节识别与定位方法处理速度快,茎节识别率高,左右端的定位误差分别小于0.9 mm和2.4 mm。     

鲍鱼内脏多糖水洗面膜的制备及性能评价

研究鲍鱼内脏多糖的吸湿性、保湿性和抗紫外活性,制备添加鲍鱼内脏多糖的水洗面膜。结果表明:低湿度(RH43%)条件下,鲍鱼内脏多糖样品吸湿率和保湿率优于高湿度(RH81%)条件,高于聚乙二醇,低于甘油;鲍鱼内脏多糖样品吸湿率61.65%,保湿率167.46%。高湿度(RH43%)条件下,鲍鱼内脏多糖样品吸湿率20.73%,保湿率123.36%。鲍鱼内脏多糖具有较好的抗紫外UVA和UVB的能力。制备的鲍鱼内脏多糖水洗面膜感官及理化指标符合QB/T 2872-2007,具有很好的离心稳定性。