Growth model for the endangered cyprinid fish Tribolodon nakamurai based on otolith analyses

A growth model for the endangered cyprinid fish Tribolodon nakamurai was derived following otolith analyses of 16 wild and 53 reared specimens. The asteriscus was the most appropriate to measure size among three otolith elements, and its height OH  mm was used as size index of otolith. Standard length L  cm was best back-calculated using the Gompertz model, L  = 70.0·exp[–exp{−0.553 (OH   –  2.73)}]. Translucent zones on the lapilli, analyzed from 5-year-old-reared fish, were regarded as winter slow-growing zones. The ages of 10 wild specimens of 37.0–48.1 cm standard length were calculated as 7–10 years by counting the translucent zones on the lapilli. Age t was best back-calculated using the allometry model, t  = 1.33· OH ^1.37. The growth trajectory of T.   nakamurai followed a slender S curve, three typical growth models, von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz, and Richards' model, which is a general formula of the above three, being fitted using the maximum likelihood method. The Gompertz model, L_t  = 60.2·exp[–exp{−0.258( t  − 4.68)}], was found by Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to be the statistically most acceptable growth model.     

鲫耳石年轮的观察及其确证

对耳石边缘年轮形成周期进行了分析。结果表明，鲫耳石上1a形成1个年轮，年轮形成时期洪湖种群主要在4－6月，洞庭湖种群主要在3－5月。星耳石和微耳石一样，可用于鲫年龄测定，而且不经磨片即可直接读取年轮，完整星耳石和微耳石与微耳石磨片上的年轮读数的吻合率均在80％以上，误差不超过1龄。但相对而言，微耳石上年轮更易观察。文中对耳石形态和年轮特征进行了描述。     

元江水系越鳠年龄鉴定材料的比较

分析比较了元江越鳠(Mystus pluriradiatus)不同年龄鉴定材料的鉴定结果。结果显示:微耳石磨片、星耳石和脊椎骨材料为鉴定元江越鳠年龄的可利用材料,矢耳石细小且脆不适合用于越鳠的年龄鉴定。微耳石磨片和星耳石的年龄判别能力最高,均达到96.0%,脊椎骨的年龄判别能力为93.3%;最大年龄读数出现在微耳石磨片和脊椎骨上,读数为5+龄;微耳石磨片的同一鉴定者两次独立年龄读数的吻合率最高为94.5%、脊椎骨次之为91.7%、星耳石最低为88.1%;两种年龄材料读数之间的吻合率比较中,微耳石磨片与星耳石的吻合率较高为90.9%,两者的年龄读数在低龄组时吻合较好,微耳石磨片与脊椎骨的吻合率为89.3%,3+龄以上时二者的年龄读数吻合率高。结果表明,鉴定低龄个体选择星耳石材料(n+龄≤3+龄),高龄个体用微耳石磨片进行辅助鉴定的年龄鉴定方法对元江越鳠进行年龄鉴定较为准确。     

Using molecular and quantitative variation for assessing genetic impacts on Nucella lapillus populations after local extinction and recolonization

The dogwhelk Nucella lapillus is a predatory marine gastropod living on rocky shores in the North Atlantic. As with many other gastropod species, Nucella was affected by tributyltin (TBT) pollution during the 1970s and 1980s, and local populations underwent extinction. After a partial ban on TBT in the UK in 1987, vacant sites have been recolonized. Levels of genetic diversity and quantitative genetic variation in shell form were compared between recolonized sites and sites that showed continuous population at three localities across the British Isles. Overall, estimates of genetic diversity were only slightly lower in recolonized populations, suggesting that populations have recovered from previous impacts due to the relatively high levels of migration from non‐impacted sites. Molecular and quantitative analyses are broadly concordant and a positive correlation was observed (although not statistically significant) between molecular and quantitative estimates of genetic diversity, indicating the potential usefulness of quantitative methods to complement molecular population genetics analyses.     

绰斯甲河大渡裸裂尻鱼的年龄与生长特性研究

以绰斯甲河流域大渡裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi)的微耳石和脊椎骨为年龄鉴定材料,对其进行了年龄鉴定,并比较了两种年龄鉴定材料的准确性,结果表明微耳石更适合于年龄鉴定。同时,以微耳石磨片为年龄鉴定和生长推算材料,对大渡裸裂尻鱼种群的生长特性进行了研究。结果显示:在相同年龄组内雌鱼个体显著大于雄鱼。雌、雄鱼体重与体长表现为异速生长:W♂=0.024 5×L2.793 4,W♀=0.021 3×L2.859 3。Von Bertalanffy生长方程为雌鱼Lt=32.319×[1-e-0.087×(t+4.024)],Wt=439.165×[1-e-0.087(t+4.024)]2.859 3;雄鱼Lt=23.195×[1-e-0.213×(t-1.008)],Wt=169.307 2×[1-e-0.213×(t-1.008)]2.793 4。雌、雄鱼的生长拐点年龄分别为8.1龄和6.0龄,对应的雌鱼体长和体重为L=21.06 cm,W=129.12 g;对应的雄鱼的体长和体重为L=15.18 cm,W=51.85 g。