Wind-generated transport of fictitious passive larvae into shallow tidal estuaries

Four 14-day field experiments were conducted to determine the densities of postlarval white shrimp and blue crab megelopae moving into a tidal inlet along the south-eastern United States. Certain winds directions were statistically associated with peaks in abundance, a result which motivated us to use a high resolution finite-element numerical model to simulate passive larval transport under a variety of wind directions into the inlet. The passive particles were initially distributed uniformly in a zone of the continental shelf which extended 20 km offshore and 20 km alongshore in either direction. Each simulation was conducted for five tidal cycles (2.5 days) under constant wind stress. These simulations indicated that larvae are withdrawn from the continental shelf into the inlet from a narrow zone parallel to the shoreline but extending less that 5 km offshore. The withdrawal zone changed to one directly offshore of the inlet mouth only for a wind direction that pointed directly toward the inlet mouth. Under downwelling-favourable winds, particles originating in the surface accumulate along the downwind boundary and drift shoreward with time thus causing a 'pooling' of larvae along the coast. This scenario is repeated with less efficiency for upwelling-favourable winds with particles originating near bottom. The 'pooling' process occurs over the scale of the particle domain. A second and smaller scale is indicated by the relatively few particles which are withdrawn into the inlet as they pass inside the 7-m isobath (within 5 km of the coast). Those that do pass become available for inlets farther downstream.     

基于双吸肥口的低压文丘里施肥器设计与试验

为降低文丘里施肥器的吸肥临界进口压力,使之适用于低压灌溉施肥系统,设计了一种双吸肥口文丘里施肥器。选取喉管收缩比、收缩段角度、扩散段角度和喉管长径比4个结构参数,采用正交试验设计方法,构建16种结构参数组合方案,运用CFD模拟技术对每种方案的吸肥性能进行模拟,以吸肥性能为评价指标确定最佳结构参数组合,并根据最佳结构参数组合试制文丘里施肥器原型样品,并在0~0.15 MPa进口压力范围内对其吸肥性能进行分析。结果表明,最佳结果参数为:喉管收缩比为0.3、收缩段角度为20?、扩散段角度为8°、喉管长径比为1.1。最佳结构文丘里施肥器试制样品实测结果与模拟分析结果一致,在相同进口压力下各个实测值均略小于模拟分析值,实测与模拟吸肥量、进口流量比、肥液浓度和吸肥效率的均方根误差分别为0.22 L/min、0.96%、0.93%和0.68%。在相同进口压力下,相比于相同结构参数的单吸肥口文丘里施肥器,模拟得出的吸肥量提高了90%,进口流量比提高了85%,肥液浓度提高了80%,吸肥效率提高了80%,表明双吸肥口施肥器的吸肥性能比单吸肥口施肥器有较大提高;双吸肥口施肥器实测临界进口压力为0.007 MPa,当进口压力为0.05 MPa时其吸肥浓度可达13.6%,与现有文丘里施肥器相比,在获得同等或更高的吸肥性能时具有更低的工作进口压力,更适用于低压滴灌系统。     

HVPE反应器内输运现象的数值模拟研究

对用于制备GaN的具有同心圆喷头的HVPE（氢化物气相外延）反应器内的输运现象进行了三维数值模拟研究.在模拟计算中,分别改变总载气进口流量、同心圆喷口进口流量、重力、压强等条件,得到反应器内流场、温场、浓度场的相应变化.根据对模拟结果的分析,得出输运过程的优化条件为：尽量减小总载气进口流量,适当增大同心圆喷口的双进口流量,并降低反应室内的压强.     

Tidal and subtidal fluctuations in temperature, salinity and pressure for the winter 1996 larval ingress experiment—Beaufort Inlet, NC

A multidisciplinary field experiment was conducted to compare water properties, larval abundances, and transport and retention processes at Beaufort Inlet and two channels leading to the estuarine nursery grounds. Temperature, salinity and subsurface pressure were monitored in situ for a six-week period during March and April 1996 in each channel. Intensive sampling was performed during two neap-tide periods when water mass conditions in the estuary were significantly different. Currents were stronger in the eastern channel during both experiments. Ebb currents were stronger than flood in both channels. Decreasing subtidal sea level appeared to account for the stronger ebb currents. Subtidal sea level in the inlet responded optimally to north–south (along the inlet axis) wind stress and along a line 15° clockwise of north–south. This direction closely parallels the channel axis of Core Sound and may provide an efficient conduit to carry large volumes of low-salinity Pamlico Sound water into the estuarine complex when winds blow south in this sector. The tidal stream in Beaufort Inlet sets up strong cross-inlet gradients by the advection on the east side of higher salinity shelf water and advection on the west side of Beaufort Inlet plume water. The axial fronts produced by differential advection of these two water masses might play some role in redistributing larvae present in one tidal stream to another.     

环太湖主要河流入出湖口表层沉积物污染特征研究

以环太湖31条主要河流入出湖口的表层沉积物为对象,分析了太湖流域4个区内河流入出湖口表层沉积物的总氮（TN）,总磷（TP）和总有机质（TOM）的含量。结果表明：第2区和第3区的TN,TP和TOM的含量较高;第1区和第4区的较低。各区沉积物中TN,TP和TOM的平均含量由高到低依次为：TN-第2区>第3区>第4区>第1区;TP--第2区>第3区>第4区>第1区;TOM-第2区>第4区>第1区>第3区;磷形态中铁铝磷（Fe/Al-P）活性较高,Fe/Al-P-第2区>第4区>第3区>第1区;综合氮磷指标,对太湖重度污染区（太湖的北-西北-西部分）水体富营养化影响最大的入湖河道：太滆运河、百渎港、陈东港、漕桥河、直湖港、武进港、官渎港、小溪港、殷村港、洪巷港、茭渎港和乌溪港。以上河流沉积物TN,TP含量均较高（TN>1000 mg/kg、TP>500 mg/kg）。