大麻新品种云麻1号的选育及其栽培技术

采用系统选育法从云南地方品种中选育出云麻l号大麻品种，2001年7月通过云南省品种审定委员会审定。经过1998-1999两年的云南省多点试验及1999-2000年两年的生产试验示范，云麻1号纤维产量为1．8t／hm^2，鲜茎出麻率6．5％，平均断裂强度438N。种子千粒重25g，含油量32．24％。四氢大麻酚(THC-tetrahydmcannabinol)含量约0．03％。具有抗旱性强、适应性广、高产、优质、THC含量低等特点。并提出了该品种相应的栽培技术要点。     

Effect of cannabis oil on growth performance,haematology and metabolism of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Cannabis sativa is a plant that produces an oil with psychoactive and stress reduction effects and thus illegal in many nations. Lately, the beneficial properties of the plant extract are becoming better understood and perceptions are changing. As the aquaculture industry matures from a primitive extensive pond system to an industrialized intensive system, fish stress and disease incidence are increasing, with negative economic results. A nutritional ingredient that could reduce stress and disease incidence in aquacultured fish would thus be opportune. In the present work we investigated whether ether extracted cannabis oil would relieve stress, improve growth and feed conversion, and/or improve haematological indicators of disease resistance. Three diets were made to contain either soy oil, industrial hemp oil or cannabis oil and offered to tilapia for 8 weeks. At termination, survival, growth, feed conversion and blood parameters were assessed. Fish were returned to their tanks, offered the same feeds as during the experiment and respiration assessed. Cannabis extract was found to increase metabolism and thus increase feed conversion. On the other hand, cannabis had no effect on blood cell counts, total plasma protein, haematocrit or lysozyme activity. Results thus suggest that cannabis does not improve immune response of tilapia or body composition but does reduce growth rate by increasing metabolic rate.     

辐照对桔小实蝇幼虫黑化反应与血细胞的影响

本文将黑化反应和血细胞总数(THC)计数两种检测方法用于桔小实蝇幼虫辐照处理后活性检测研究中。黑化研究结果表明:桔小实蝇幼虫经辐照,在-18℃,15 min处死后,室温条件下30 min内黑化程度不明显,但是用作对照的1龄幼虫从1.5 h开始、2龄幼虫从2 h开始、3龄幼虫从2.5 h开始虫体显著变黑,而经辐照的虫体变黑的时间比对照样至少延迟.0.5 h,且辐照剂量越大,黑化反应出现的时间越晚。表明辐照会抑制幼虫黑化,黑化反应可用于快速检测实蝇幼虫是否经过辐照。血细胞总数计数研究结果表明辐照处理的桔小实蝇幼虫血细胞总数显著减少,且同一辐照剂量下,龄期越高,血细胞总数越多。利用上述两种方法可定性判定桔小实蝇幼虫是否经过辐照处理。     

Changes to the histological gill structure and haemolymph composition of early blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus juveniles during elevated ammonia‐N exposure and the post‐exposure recovery

It is yet unclear whether sub‐lethal ammonia‐N levels cause irreparable damage to aquatic crustaceans, or if recovery is possible, the potential factors involved. The aim was to investigate the effect of 0.706 and 2.798 mmol L^?1 ammonia‐N exposure on the haemolymph osmolality, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, pH, ammonia‐N, total haemocyte counts (THC) and gill histopathology of Portunus pelagicus juveniles at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h respectively. Following 48 h, crabs were transferred to pristine seawater allowing a recovery period up to 96 h and similarly measured. In addition moribund crabs, induced from lethal ammonia‐N levels of 7.036 and 10.518 mmol L^?1, were measured for haemolymph osmolality/ions and pH levels. The results demonstrate that despite severe gill damage within 6‐ and 1 h of 0.706 and 2.798 mmol L^?1 ammonia‐N exposure, respectively, no significant change (P>0.05) in the haemolymph osmolality, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ or pH levels occurred or by ammonia‐N‐induced morbidity. Although the gills can completely recover within 24 and 48 h post exposure to 0.706 and 2.798 mmol L^?1 ammonia‐N, respectively, likely facilitated by significant haemocyte increases (P<0.05) within the haemolymph and gill lamellae, dependent factors were the previous ammonia‐N concentration and recovery duration while individual variability was also noticed.     

Optimisation of breeding for agronomic traits in fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by study of parent-offspring relationships

Summary In the framework of a comprehensive Dutch research project the feasibility of hemp cultivation for paper pulp production is being investigated. This project also includes a hemp breeding programme which was initiated at CPRO-DLO in 1990. Hemp breeding is primarily aimed at improving bast fibre production since bast fibre is qualitatively superior to woody core fibre for paper pulp production. The progress of the ongoing breeding programme is hampered by the lack of knowledge on the inheritance of agronomic traits.The following traits were examined on 252 parental plants in 1991 and subsequently on their progenies in 1992: fibre content, plant height, date of flowering, stem diameter and cannabinoid contents. For each trait heritabilities were estimated and direct and indirect effects of artificial selection were studied.The heritability of bast fibre content was high and mass selection proved to be an efficient method causing no undesirable influence on other characters. Characters not directly related to bast fibre yield such as date of flowering, plant height and stem diameter were shown to have disadvantages as selection criteria for the improvement of bast fibre yield.The cannabinoids THC and CBD were studied, as the acceptance of hemp cultivation requires a low level. The content of THC, the psychoactive component can be successfully reduced by mass selection, but it is not certain that mass selection is the most efficient method.     

大麻化学成分研究进展与开发我国大麻资源的探讨

大麻是一种多用途的古老栽培作物，其纤维是上等的纺织和造纸原料，其种子中富含矿物质、氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸等多种营养成分。但大麻中含有一种致幻化学成分THC，严重影响了大麻的开发和利用。本文就大麻化学成分的主要类型及其合成途径与遗传机理的研究进展作了较详细的阐述，说明了大麻化学成分，特别是CBD/THC遗传稳定的特性，并就我国大麻资源的研究与开发提出了自己的设想。     

中华绒螯蟹的血细胞组成、分类及免疫学功能

为了解中华绒螯蟹血细胞组成、分类及其在免疫应答过程中起到的重要作用,本研究通过细胞化学和细胞酶学分析,并结合细胞形态观察,对中华绒螯蟹血细胞的组成、分类进行了研究。同时,通过人工感染嗜水气单胞菌后血液的总血细胞数(THC)和不同类型血细胞数(DHC)的变化,研究不同类型血细胞在免疫应答过程中所发挥的作用。结果显示,依据本实验分类方法,中华绒螯蟹血细胞可以分为4类:大颗粒细胞(G)、中间型颗粒细胞(IG)、小颗粒细胞(SG)和透明细胞(H)。其中小颗粒细胞数量最多,约占33.54%±0.98%,中间型颗粒细胞最少,仅占15.31%±2.01%。4种类型细胞中均含有多糖成分而不含脂质,只有大颗粒细胞在酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶以及酚氧化酶染色中发现阳性反应。此外,嗜水气单胞菌感染后中华绒螯蟹总血细胞数在3 h后明显升高,在6 h达到峰值,约9.57×106个/m L,并显著高于未处理组和生理组;在感染过程中,大颗粒细胞数量明显下降而透明细胞数量明显上升,这种现象在6 h时达到顶峰并随着时间延长而逐渐恢复至正常水平。研究表明,在中华绒螯蟹非特异性免疫应答过程中,透明细胞主要通过大量增殖执行吞噬功能来参与免疫应答,而大颗粒细胞主要通过裂解释放胞质中所含免疫相关酶参与免疫反应。其中,各类型细胞之间可能存在相互转化作用,而中间型颗粒细胞为这种转化中的过渡类型。