基于不同空间插值法的黄海和东海北部游泳动物多样性空间分布研究

物种多样性空间分布是生态学研究的重要内容之一，空间插值法在该领域应用广泛。本研究以2017年5月黄海和东海北部游泳动物多样性为例，选取种类数(S)、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(d)来衡量该海域物种多样性，应用反距离加权法(Inverse distance weighted, IDW)、径向基函数法(Radial basis function, RBF)、局部多项式法(Local polynomial interpolation, LPI)、普通克里格法(Ordinary kriging, OK)和协同克里格法(Ordinary cokriging, COK)对上述4种多样性指数进行插值，通过jackknife检验的方法选择适合每种多样性指数的空间插值法。结果表明，对于4种多样性指数，COK结果均最好，而其他4种方法精度较低，且差别不大。COK预测结果表明，S和d都呈现出东南部高，北部次之，中部最低的格局。H′和J也是中部最低，在南部和北部海域差异不大。4种多样性指数在32?N以南海域的高值区范围大致相同。COK可以作为黄海和东海北部游泳动物多样性空间插值的方法。     

山东半岛南部近岸海域夏季游泳动物的组成特征

根据2008年8月在山东半岛南部近岸海域进行的底拖网调查资料,对该海域游泳动物组成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,在该海域共捕获游泳动物54种,平均相对资源量为129.9 kg/h。以生物量为单位计算群落多样性,Shannon-Wiener种类多样性指数H′平均为1.43,Margalrf种类丰富度指数D平均为1.18,Pielou种类均匀度指数J′平均为0.63。优势种为鳀和戴氏赤虾,重要种为方氏锦鳚、日本蟳、小黄鱼、矛尾虾虎鱼、口虾蛄和枪乌贼。通过聚类分析表明该海域游泳动物群落结构存在一定程度的空间异质性,主要包括3组,引起组间平均相异性贡献的分歧种主要包括戴氏赤虾、方氏锦鳚、矛尾虾虎鱼、日本蟳、双斑蟳、枪乌贼和口虾蛄等。山东半岛南部近岸海域渔业资源呈现出小型化和低质化的趋势。     

惠来近岸海域游泳动物群落结构特征

[目的]了解惠来近岸海域游泳动物群落特征,评估夏季休渔对游泳动物群落结构的影响。[方法]基于2014年4月(春季)和9月(秋季)在惠来近岸海域底拖网调查数据,采用相对重要性指数法(IRI)、生物多样性指数法和ABC曲线等方法对游泳动物种类组成、资源密度、优势种、生物多样性和群落结构特征进行了研究。[结果]调查海域春秋两季共捕获游泳动物162种,隶属3门60科。春季优势种为康氏小公鱼(Anchoviella commersonii)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和龙头鱼(Bombay duck),秋季优势种为剑尖枪乌贼(Uroteuthis edulis)和杜氏枪乌贼(Uroteuthis duvauceli)。春秋两季游泳动物平均资源密度分别为258.8和462.9 kg/km~2,平均尾数资源密度分别为25 022.3和25 686.3 ind/km~2。ABC曲线表明,惠来邻近海域游泳动物群落均处于严重受干扰状态。[结论]夏季休渔使游泳动物种类组成、资源密度、优质经济种类渔获比例等得到明显改善,渔业资源衰退趋势得到有效遏制。     

Mapping and characterising subtropical estuarine landscapes using aerial photography and GIS for potential application in wildlife conservation and management

Coarse-resolution thematic maps derived from remotely sensed data and implemented in GIS play an important role in coastal and marine conservation, research and management. Here, we describe an approach for fine-resolution mapping of land-cover types using aerial photography and ancillary GIS and ground data in a large (100 × 35 km) subtropical estuarine system (Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia). We have developed and implemented a classification scheme representing 24 coastal (subtidal, intertidal, mangrove, supratidal and terrestrial) cover types relevant to the ecology of estuarine animals, nekton and shorebirds. The accuracy of classifications of the intertidal and subtidal cover types, as indicated by the agreement between the mapped (predicted) and reference (ground) data, was 77-88%, depending on the zone and level of generalization required. The variability and spatial distribution of habitat mosaics (landscape types) across the mapped environment were assessed using K-means clustering and validated with Classification and Regression Tree models. Seven broad landscape types could be distinguished and ways of incorporating the information on landscape composition into site-specific conservation and field research are discussed. This research illustrates the importance and potential applications of fine-resolution mapping for conservation and management of estuarine habitats and their terrestrial and aquatic wildlife.