鲶繁殖生物学的研究

嘉陵江鲶的卵母细胞划分为６个时相。第Ⅱ时相卵母细腻外不仅具有质膜，而且还有滤泡膜的结缔组织膜，第Ⅳ时相卵终细腻具漏斗状和精孔及椭圆形的精孔细腻。嘉陵江鲶的成熟年龄大多为１龄。生殖期雌雄经为２：１。繁殖季节中雌鱼的成熟系数高达１４．５％。对鲶进行人工催产，成功地获得了鲶的受精卵。鲶的受精卵圆形、绿色，膨大后其直径为．０５－４．５７ｍｍ。温度在２７．５－３１℃，幼鱼孵出需要２９个小时３０分钟。初孵仔鱼     

Determinism of the induction of the reproductive cycle in female Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis: Identification of environmental cues and permissive factors

In Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, gametogenesis is induced by decrease of both temperature and photoperiod. However, a multiplicity of other factors can display non-permissive or modulating effects on the induction of the reproductive cycle. Consequently, a 9-week study was carried out to determine the environmental cues and permissive factors controlling the induction of the reproductive cycle in this species. A two-level fractional factorial design 2^8-4 was used in order to identify the influent factors from 8 environmental and nutritional ones and their 28 interactions. Tested factors were: (1) amplitude of temperature decrease, (2) time, (3) kinetics and (4) amplitude of photoperiod decrease, (5) initial nutritional state, (6) handling, (7) feeding rate and (8) light spectrum. Increase of gonadosomatic index (GSIi), proportion of female in exogenous vitellogenesis (EVP), plasma 17 β-estradiol (E₂) and cortisol levels, fat consumption and food intake were evaluated.This study showed that the amplitude of the decrease of temperature and the time of photoperiod decrease are the two main environmental cues controlling the induction of the reproductive cycle in Eurasian perch. GSIi was the highest (3.8%) when females were exposed to both low amplitude of temperature decrease and precocious decrease of photophase. It was the lowest (1.1%) when high amplitude of temperature decrease and late decrease of photophase were applied. Handling in association with temperature modulated the broodstock response. 100% of the unhandled fish held at 14 °C were at the exogenous vitellogenesis stage with mean E₂ and basal cortisol levels of 1.6 ng mL^− 1 and 9 ng mL^− 1 respectively. Handled fish and fish held at 6 °C exhibited lower vitellogenesis (40-73%) associated with lower E₂ (0.6-1.1 ng mL^− 1) and higher basal cortisol levels (37-89 ng mL^− 1). No other factor nor interaction displayed a cueing or non permissive effect on the induction of the reproductive cycle in female Eurasian perch. A first schematic model is proposed to explain the factorial determinism of the induction of the reproductive cycle.     

水泥池养殖缺帘鱼性腺发育研究

[目的]为缺帘鱼人工繁殖提供试验依据。[方法]通过组织切片技术,研究水泥池养殖缺帘鱼的生物学特征和性腺发育情况。[结果]结果表明：3龄缺帘鱼卵巢发育到I期,精巢为Ⅱ期;4龄缺帘鱼雄鱼可以发育至性成熟;4-5龄可以进行人工催产。缺帘鱼精巢为叶型壶腹型结构。[结论]雌雄鱼性腺发育存在不同步现象,需进一步研究并调节其生长生态环境。     

莱州湾海域小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)繁殖生物学研究

2013年4月–2014年3月,采用组织学和实验生态学方法研究了山东莱州湾海域小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)的性腺发育、生殖周期、胚胎及幼虫发育。结果显示,在繁殖季节,小刀蛏性别可通过性腺颜色区分,雌性为白色,雄性为黄色;1个生殖周期为1年,性腺发育经历增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个阶段;莱州湾繁殖期为6月中旬–7月上旬。小刀蛏受精卵卵径为50–55 μm,在水温26℃、盐度28的条件下,经24 h发育至D形幼虫,10 d后幼虫发育变态为稚贝。对莱州湾小刀蛏繁殖生物学的研究,可为该海域小刀蛏的人工育苗和增养殖提供科学依据。     

福建沿海试养中间球海胆的初步研究

为探索中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)在福建沿海季节性养殖的可行性,于2018年11月开展了新品种中间球海胆"大金"南移福州海域养殖试验。试养海胆分为大(壳径3 cm)和小(壳径1 cm)两种规格。采用当地现有的鲍养殖海域和设施,定期投喂海带(Laminaria japonica)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)。经过6个月的养殖,福州养殖的大规格海胆壳径达(55.90±2.63)mm,体质量(56.30±6.92)g,性腺指数15.02%±1.5%,海胆生殖腺发育处于成熟前期(Ⅲ期),性腺质量良好,且显著高于大连同期养殖的大规格海胆壳径(46.56±3.88)mm和体质量(39.07±5.05)g(P<0.05)。同时,福州养殖的小规格海胆壳径达(40.97±0.87)mm,体质量(23.18±0.37)g,性腺指数9.64%±1.00%。试养结果表明,冬春季中间球海胆可在福建沿海开展季节性养殖,采用现有海上设施和养殖笼,投喂鲜活大型藻类,海胆的生长速度显著优于同期大连养殖。中间球海胆福建沿海南移养殖是满足其日益增长的市场需求的重要途径。     

胚胎期大鼠性腺生长与分化的研究

本试验旨在研究胚胎期大鼠性腺生长与分化的情况。选取12.5~15.5 dpc SD大鼠胚胎为研究对象,运用PCR技术进行大鼠胚胎性别鉴定,采用H-E技术对大鼠性腺分化形态进行观察。结果表明:12.5 d的鼠胚肾管已经开始形成,生殖嵴已经建立,此时仍无明显的性别分化形态;13.5 d的鼠胚开始出现性别分化的迹象,雄性的原始性索开始形成,雌性性腺分化比雄性稍晚,此期仍不易辨别出典型的卵巢特征结构;14.5 d的鼠胚性腺形态初步成型,此期性别明显分化,雄性的原始性索开始分化为实心原始生精小管,雌性胚胎中性腺分为两层,初步形成卵巢特征;15.5 d的鼠胚,雄性胚胎性腺中已经具有明显的曲精小管的雏形,雌性胚胎卵巢特征也开始明显。大鼠胚胎性腺从13.5 d胚龄时开始分化,15.5 d胚龄性腺特征明显。     

蛋白质、维生素E和Se对克氏原螯虾性腺发育的影响

[目的]分析饲料中添加蛋白质、维生素E和Se对克氏原螯虾繁殖发育的影响。[方法]通过L9(34)正交试验,研究蛋白质、维生素E和Se对克氏原螯虾雌虾性腺发育、抱卵量、抱卵指数和抱卵率的影响。[结果]在最优组合中,VE为主要因素,其次为蛋白质和Se;最优水平为0.05%VE、28.9%蛋白质和1 mg/kg Se。[结论]VE和Se的组合对克氏原螯虾性腺发育、抱卵量的增加、抱卵指数的增大和抱卵率的提高等具有补偿与协同作用。     

Effects of slow release gonadotropin releasing hormone analog on milt characteristics and plasma levels of gonadal steroids in greenback flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina

Spermiated male greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina) were implanted with gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) pellets at different dosages to examine their effects on milt characteristics and plasma levels of testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP). Milt and blood samples were collected for up to 28 or 42 days post-implantation (p.i.) in two separate experiments using fish that were slightly or moderately spermiated, respectively. In both experiments, fish treated with GnRHa pellets showed a consistent and significant increase in milt volume relative to controls, and the increase of milt volume was more rapid than the increase in numbers of spermatozoa. Spermatocrit (Sct) was significantly lower in GnRHa-treated fish than in controls. Plasma levels of T and 11KT were elevated at 7 and 14 days p.i. in slightly spermiated fish treated with GnRHa and elevated plasma T and 11KT levels were accompanied by increased milt volume early in the spermiation period. In contrast, there was no significant difference in plasma T levels between GnRHa-treated and control fish in fish that were moderately spermiated at the time of implant. Treatment with GnRHa tended to result in lower plasma levels of 11KT and higher levels of 17,20βP relative to controls, and there was a positive relationship between the elevation of plasma 17,20βP and the increase in milt volume in response to implantation of GnRHa pellet. Slow release GnRHa administration had no effect on sperm activity or pH and osmolality of seminal plasma in either experiment.     

墨西哥湾扇贝生殖细胞发生和性腺发育研究

[目的]研究墨西哥湾扇贝的生殖细胞和性腺发育,为该种的健康养殖提供参考依据。[方法]从湛江乌石墨西哥湾扇贝养殖群体取样,对其性腺进行制片和观察。[结果]墨西哥湾扇贝卵子的发生可分为卵原细胞期、生长初期、生长中期、生长后期和成熟期;精子的发生可分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子期。根据滤泡中生殖细胞的形态和所占比例,可将墨西哥湾扇贝生殖腺的发生过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、生殖期和休止期。墨西哥湾扇贝性腺的成熟期和生殖期不同步。[结论]墨西哥湾扇贝雌雄同体,性腺发育不同步。