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1.
城市空间形态定量化研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对国内外学者有关城市空间形态定量化的研究方法作了回顾与总结,主要介绍了基于GIS的定量分析法和分形维数法,并简要地对各种方法作了评论,使读者对目前在这一方面的研究情况有所了解,以便明确进一步深入研究的方向. 相似文献
2.
This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin
Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based
on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites,
a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect,
vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems.
The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province.
Foundation item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences “100 people” project and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain
Forest Ecosystem.
Biography: XIAO Bao-ying (1974-), female, postgraduate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016,
P. R. China
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
3.
The study on the characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients and fertilizer recommendations in cotton field under certain conditions of agricultural management was conducted with GIS and systematic approach for soil nutrient constrains. The results showed that of the spatial variability of soil nutrient was greatly related to the management condition of previous crops. Grid sampling and variable rate application technology (VRAT) were the tools that would hopefully increase fertilizer efficiency. The fertilizers were applied where they were needed and at proper rate. Balance fertilization demonstration showed that fertilizer recommendations according to the available nutrient level in soil could decrease fertilizer cost with 657.4 yuan / ha and increase seed cotton yield by 19.8%. A net profit of the balanced fertilization was 5314.9 yuan / ha higher than that of local fertilization practice. 相似文献
4.
Fritz Hervé Saïd Sonia Renaud Pierre-Cyril Mutake Snoden Coid Craig Monicat François 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(3):293-302
After the eradication of the Tse-Tse fly in the Mid-Zambezi valley, human settlements and fields extended mainly along the main rivers. In order to investigate the consequences of this human development on wildlife diversity we monitored three rivers of the Mid-Zambezi valley in Zimbabwe: Angwa, Manyame and Kadzi. The rivers were divided in segments of 200 m which were checked for spoors in order to assess the number of species and the number of individuals that used the segments. Human settlements were also recorded. We used a GIS to define the spatial characteristics of the fields present along the rivers, and related them to the distribution and abundance of wild species spoors in the river beds and banks. Our results show that the number of species in one segment of the river decreased with the increasing size of the field area bordering the segment. For all the major ungulate species, the numbers of individuals recorded per segment decreased with increasing field area. A similar trend was observed for small and medium-sized carnivores, though they were in lower numbers when present. Our analyses thus confirm that the extension of human agriculture in wildlife areas has an impact on most wild species, but we also define some threshold value of field size above which there seem to be an acceleration of the decrease in wildlife density and diversity: 3.2 ha for medium and small herbivores and carnivores; only the elephant seem to tolerate larger field area with a threshold value of 32 ha.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Maurice Keith R. Welch Joan M. Brown Christopher P. Latham Roger Earl 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(6):603-620
The Pocono mesic till barrens (PMTB) are a unique assemblage of fire-maintained shrub communities that support numerous rare species. Historically these barrens covered a large area in the vicinity of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, USA. However, due largely to regional fire suppression instituted in the early 1960s, over 70% of the area covered by barrens succeeded to fire-intolerant forest that does not support the rare species. We investigated the influence of forest proximity on barrens succession across three geomorphic types during periods of high fire frequency and fire suppression, testing the hypothesis that forest processes such as seed rain, shading, and detrital enrichment of soils enhances barrens succession through a contagion effect. Evidence of a forest contagion effect should be shown by increased rates of barrens succession with increasing proximity to the nearest forest edge. In order to detect a forest contagion effect, barrens persistence and barrens succession were modeled in proximity zones of 0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, and greater than 200 m from the nearest forest edge. We used existing GIS data layers for fire, geomorphology, and vegetation distribution in 1938, 1963, and 1992. The layers were modified and overlain using ArcView software to determine persistence and succession rates for each unique combination of layers in each proximity zone from 1938 to 1963 (pre-fire suppression) and 1963 to 1992 (post-fire suppression). ANCOVA results indicate that proximity to the nearest forest edge significantly affected barrens persistence rates in both time periods, but succession rates were significantly affected in 1938 to 1963 only. Twenty-eight percent of the 1938 barrens succeeded to forest by 1963; 56% of the 1963 barrens became forest by 1992. Results support previous findings that barrens persistence is enhanced by increased fire frequency, and that barrens persist longer where they overlie flat glacial till than on other geomorphology types. 相似文献
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8.
基于GIS的陕北风沙滩区地下水资源评价系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以黄土高原风沙滩区为例,采用数据库技术和电子地图技术,并利用均衡法,建立风沙滩区所需要的水资源评价系统.系统具有该地区经济状况、水文地质参数、地下永动态状况等数据的管理和地下水资源数量评价等多种功能.陕北风沙滩区总补给量为151 804×10m4/a,总排泄量为162 612×104m3/a,多年平均地下水资源量为145 125×10m3,与历次水资源评价相比,本次评价结果准确可靠,可作为榆林能源化工基地建设用水依据. 相似文献
9.
基于GIS的近30年来松辽平原沙质荒漠化遥感动态研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本文运用GIS、RS手段,以航天遥感MSS、TM、ETM为主要信息源,对松辽平原进行多时相、大面积沙质荒漠化遥感动态监测,从中探索松辽平原沙质荒漠化动态变化的规律,为经济发展和生态建设提供科学依据。研究结果表明:近30年来松辽平原沙质荒漠化面积变化呈现快速增加和缓慢减少两个阶段,即70年代中期到80年代末,松辽平原沙质荒漠化总面积呈快速增加趋势,动态度为-3.91%;而80年代末到本世纪初则呈缓慢减少趋势,动态度为0.82%。松辽平原沙质荒漠化的重心随之呈有规律的移动,沙质荒漠化面积增加时重心向东北方向移动,速率为3.08km/年。沙质荒漠化面积减少时重心向西南方向移动,速率为1.64km/年。 相似文献
10.
CLIMEX-GIS预测大豆北方茎溃疡病菌在中国的潜在分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大豆北方茎溃疡病菌是大豆的重要病原菌,广泛分布于世界主要大豆产区,造成严重的产量和品质损失。本文应用生物模型CLIMEX结合GIS软件预测大豆北方茎溃疡病菌在中国的适生区,并根据EI值划分相应的适生等级。结果表明,大豆北方茎溃疡病菌在我国绝大部分地区适合生长,其中东北地区、华北地区和云贵高原地区处于中适生区或高适生区。该菌在我国还未报道,通过分析其在我国潜在分布区对于防止病菌的传入、传播和蔓延有重要的检疫意义。 相似文献