Application of aggregate genotype in beef cattle breeding

Abstract

When developing total merit indices (TMI's), estimated breeding values (EBV's) may be lacking for several traits. Methodology exists to address these challenges, calculating index weights using economic values and genetic (co)variances between traits included in the TMI and aggregate genotype. TMI's including production and functional traits were developed for beef breeds in the Norwegian breeding scheme, and potential for genetic gain was evaluated. Selection based on the TMI developed in this study was found to improve growth and carcass quality, while genetic deterioration was expected for calving difficulty. Alternative selection indices were applied to avoid these effects, but reduced the genetic gain for production traits. The results of our study show that is possible to achieve genetic gain in most economically important traits for beef cattle by using a TMI. When additional EBV's and genetic correlations become available, these should be included into the TMI for further improvement.     

苦瓜等蔬菜防癌抗促作用的研究

为了研究蔬菜的防癌抗促作用，采用ＥＢＶ－ＥＡ诱导抑制实验的方法，对３０种蔬菜，共６２个样品的防癌抗促作用进行了比较，结果有２４个和１８个样品分别显示了强抑制活性和中等抑制活性，约占总数的７０％，其中尤以苦瓜、羽衣甘蓝、苋菜、大蒜、辣椒等的效果为好。并对苦瓜的不同品种，不同植株部位，不同提取方法，不同栽培条件及不同生长期的抗促活性进行了深入研究。     

应用重复力模型估计虹鳟生长性状的遗传力和育种值

采用单性状重复观测值动物模型（重复力模型）对中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所渤海冷水性鱼类试验站5个品系后代的4026尾虹鳟 (Onchorynchus mykiss) 的生长性状（体重、体长和肥满度）进行了遗传参数和育种值的估计，并对各个性状的表型和遗传趋势进行预测。在此模型中考虑了年份-季节固定效应、父本固定效应和母本固定效应；随机效应有个体的加性效应和个体永久环境效应。结果表明：该5个品系虹鳟及后代体重的遗传力为0.35，体长为0.10、肥满度为0.34。个体间的育种值差异较大，仅排名前20位相差近10倍；从不同评定方法的秩相关来看，用综合育种值法与单个性状方法之间存在极显著的相关，其相关度分别为0.998, 0.877, 0.85. -0.071, -0.064和-0.13。用综合育种值对虹鳟个体的选择价值的评定和名次排列, 以及与单个性状的评定名次有着一定程度上的差别。体重、体长和肥满度性状，其表型趋势与遗传趋势基本一致的品系，均可通过表型值进行选择。