用Rim2超级家族分子指纹鉴别杂交水稻及预测杂种优势

选用5对Rim2引物对21份籼稻和20份粳稻材料进行了DNA指纹扩增,共扩增出38条谱带,其中多态性谱带26条,多态性水平为69.64%;粳稻平均多态性水平为56.67%,明显高于籼稻。根据Nei’s遗传距离计算获得的聚类树状图表明,参试21份籼稻材料聚为6组,20份粳稻材料聚为7组。亲缘关系分析表明,Rim2分子指纹可以区分多数的籼稻或粳稻材料,且显示出材料的遗传特征。考察部分籼稻和粳稻杂交组合的产量对照优势与双亲间遗传距离的关系,发现杂交粳稻的遗传距离与杂交优势表现出相关性,而杂交籼稻无此相关性。     

Relationship of European persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars to Asian cultivars, characterized using AFLPs

Sixty one persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) selections, including 17 Italian, 11 Spanish, 13 Japanese, six Korean, five Chinese, one Israeli, and eight of unknown origin, were evaluated for genetic differences by AFLP analysis. Relationships among cultivars were evaluated by UPGMA clustering, Neighbor Joining, and MultiDimensional Scaling. While similarities among groups were generally less than 0.60, both UPGMA and Neighbor Joining separated European and Asian cultivars. Spanish and Italian cultivars were not separated by any of the analyses, suggesting that they share a common gene pool, while Japanese, Chinese and Korean cultivars formed distinct clusters. Diversity within groups was greater than diversity between groups. Most cultivars were quite polymorphic (only 0.60–0.80 similarity between cultivars). In addition, the presence of several Japanese cultivars in the European group and a group of European cultivars nested between Chinese and Korean groups suggest that similar, but different progenitors were used in the development of the present European cultivars. ‘Kaki Tipo’ selections from different sources were clearly different by AFLP analysis, indicating that they are separate cultivars.     

航天诱导凤仙花SP_3代植株形态及生理的研究

对经过航天诱变的凤仙花SP3代6个实验植株与没有经过航天诱变的6个对照植株进行秋播比较。在植株形态上,测量了5个指标,作了聚类分析,把12个单株分为3类。比较同株不同部位叶片的形状,发现变异植株叶片在不同发育阶段,其长出的形状不一致。对凤仙花生理进行了测定,发现光合色素含量增长极大,特别是叶绿素a;叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值也增大;可溶性糖含量极大地减少。实验结果表明,航天诱导能够持续对凤仙花SP3代的形态和生理生化方面造成影响。     

R型聚类与模糊聚类分析在源解析中的应用

近年来,聚类分析在环境科学研究中的应用越来越多,R型聚类和模糊聚类是2种常用的聚类分析方法。利用这2种方法对龙岩市大气颗粒物源解析工作中的源样品数据进行聚类分析,并对结果进行比较,研究聚类分析方法在源解析工作中的应用问题。结果表明,聚类分析方法在源解析工作中的应用有实际意义,相比较而言,R型聚类方法的聚类过程比较复杂但是结果精细;模糊聚类计算过程简洁但聚类结果相对粗糙。2种方法都可将研究对象分成若干个类别,但是在得到某一特定个数的聚类结果时所对应的相关系数区间取值不一定相同。最后,讨论了聚类分析在源解析工作中应用的意义和前景。     

运用抗性基因同源序列标记快速进行水稻种质资源DNA指纹图谱分析

用2个抗性基因同源序列(RGA)引物分析了菲律宾国家水稻所水稻种质资源库中265个抗或感水稻东格鲁病(RTV)的种质资源的遗传差异。引物CLRR的分辨能力极高,共扩增出了48条多态带,平均每个品种28.6条。每个品种平均扩增出46.9条多态带。DNA指纹图谱分析结果表明,通过变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,RGA引物能有效地分析群体材料在分子遗传上的差异,这说明RGA标记是水稻种质资源DNA指纹快速识别的理想选择。通过聚类分析还发现本研究的水稻品种间存在很大的遗传差异。     

Analysis of phenotypic and genetic polymorphism among accessions of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata)

Morphological and genetic analyses were applied on 37 saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) accessions collected from distant locations throughout the American continent in order to: 1) develop and identify morphologic and genetic profiles for the saltgrass genotypes; 2) characterize the genetic distance among saltgrass accessions within the given germplasm collection; and 3) identify a possible linkage between patterns of genetic and eco-geographical parameters. Analysis based on 70 RAPD markers revealed broad polymorphism among the genotypes and enabled their individual characterization. A UPGMA dendrogram clustered the genotypes into groups according to a general pattern of their geographical origin. Yet, only the group of Californian accessions was significantly distinct from other groups, as determined by ² tests. Various statistical analyses indicated that only minor genetic differences existed between seashore and desert saltgrass genotypes, supporting that these two eco-geographical types belong to the same species, Distichlis spicata. Our results suggest that genetic interactions exist between geographically distant saltgrass populations, in spite of the dominance of clonal reproduction in this species. The contribution of dioecy, seed production, and epizoochory to the distribution patterns of saltgrass is discussed at the geographic and at the genetic levels.     

苹果栽培品种的SSR鉴定及遗传多样性分析

应用SSR技术对40个苹果栽培品种进行遗传多样性分析,12对SSR引物扩增出114个等位基因,平均每个位点9.5个,位点杂合度为0.237 8~0.682 7,遗传多样性指数为0.534 4。用3对引物(Hi01c11、Hi03d06和GD162)可将供试的40个品种完全区分开。聚类分析结果显示,40个苹果品种的相似系数的变化范围为0.705~0.982,表现出较高的遗传多样性。供试品种在相似系数0.862处被分为5大类群,与品种的系谱来源基本吻合。     

Molecular evidence for natural interspecific hybridization in Prosopis

Interspecific hybridization can occur under natural conditions among species of the Prosopis genus, potentially giving rise to hybrid individuals with increased adaptation values. A study was conducted to assess the occurrence of interspecific hybridization among Prosopis in the Argentinian Chaco region and the species involved. The survey included seven hybrid individuals and their potential parents. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out based on 16 morphological characters. The molecular marker study was carried out by the comparison of RAPD patterns of amplification using six primers. A total of 91 RAPD fragments were analysed, yielding 33 species-specific markers, 24 bands that were common to two or three parental lines, and 22 bands of unknown origin. The dendrograms arising from Nei’s genetic distances derived from the molecular data showed a clustering pattern in agreement with the grouping obtained by the PCA of the morphological traits. The results demonstrate the occurrence of interspecific hybridization involving Prosopis alba, P. nigra and P. hassleri in the Argentinian Chaco.     

东海深海底层鱼类群落及其结构的研究

本文据东海深海1981年底鱼资源调查资料,按不同站、水深带之间计算渔获物组成的相似性指数C_2,应用聚类分析方法等综合分析,结果表明:调查海区底层鱼类可区分为东海大陆架(外缘)群落、东海大陆被群落和冲绳海槽(西侧)群落等三个(主)群落。其中,东海大陆坡群落还可细分为大陆坡上部、中部和下部等三个亚群落。同时,应用种类多样性、均匀性、丰盛度和优势度指数(H~1;D、J、d和D_2),对群落结构进行分析,结果表明:H~1、D、J或d值,一般是水深浅处较小,深处较大,它们随水深的变化趋势相似;D_2值则与以上各值大致相反。作者认为除种类组成和多样性指数外,种类相似性指数也是反映生物群落结构的一个重要特征。     

用Rim2超级家族分子指纹鉴别杂交水稻及预测杂种优势

选用5对Rim2引物对21份籼稻和20份粳稻材料进行了DNA指纹扩增，共扩增出38条谱带，其中多态性谱带26条，多态性水平为69.64%；粳稻平均多态性水平为56.67%，明显高于籼稻。根据Nei’s遗传距离计算获得的聚类树状图表明，参试21份籼稻材料聚为6组，20份粳稻材料聚为7组。亲缘关系分析表明，Rim2分子指纹可以区分多数的籼稻或粳稻材料，且显示出材料的遗传特征。考察部分籼稻和粳稻杂交组合的产量对照优势与双亲间遗传距离的关系，发现杂交粳稻的遗传距离与杂交优势表现出相关性，而杂交籼稻无此相关性。