两种沙漠微藻的形态学和分子生物学鉴定

文中从古尔班通古特沙漠采集的沙样中,运用96孔板有限稀释法分离出两种形态各异的微藻物种GTD8A1和GTD9C2,形态学初步鉴定分别为绿藻门小球藻目和环藻目。利用GenBank中绿藻门不同科属种类序列的18S核糖体RNA基因保守区和28S核糖体RNA基因保守区分别设计18S rDNA特异性引物和5.8S rDNA-ITS区特异性引物。以自行设计的18S rDNA特异性引物与5.8S rDNA-ITS区特异性引物分别对以上两个物种进行PCR和测序后,经blastn比对,系统发育树及遗传距离分析,结果表明GTD8A1可能与Chlo-rella sp.MBIC10595为同一个物种,GTD9C2可能为Desmodesmus multivariabilis种内的一个变种。     

猪粪沼液培养微藻系统中试试验

为实现猪粪沼液资源化的大规模应用,该研究以小球藻（Chlorella E2E）为试验藻种,开展了中试规模的\     

小球藻遗传转化技术研究进展

小球藻(Chlorella)是一种单细胞真核藻类,属绿藻门、绿藻纲、绿球藻目、小球藻科、小球藻属[1].作为最早开发的真核微藻之一,具有高营养价值、生长快速、结构简单、易工业化集成等显著优点.其细胞形态为球形或椭圆形,直径 3～12μm,呈单生或聚集成群状生长[2],分布广泛,多见于淡水、咸水和土壤中.作为地球上最早的...     

不同氮磷浓度对蛋白核小球藻砷富集和转化的影响

氮(N)、磷(P)是影响蛋白核小球藻生长的重要因素,通过改变培养液中N、P的浓度,可能实现对蛋白核小球藻富集砷(As)进行调控。为探讨N、P浓度对这种微藻吸收As的影响是否与其生长变化有关,采用室内培养实验,首先研究不同N、P浓度对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响;进而选择不影响小球藻生长的N(247、24.7 mg·L-1)、P(6、0.6 mg·L-1)浓度组合,设置0.8、8 mg·L-1的亚砷酸盐(As3+)和砷酸盐(As5+)处理3 d,研究N、P浓度对小球藻As富集和转化的影响。结果表明,当P浓度为6 mg·L-1时,N浓度降低到24.7 mg·L-1不会影响小球藻对As3+和As5+的富集及其胞内As形态的转化;而当N浓度为247 mg·L-1时,P浓度降低到0.6 mg·L-1则会显著增加小球藻对As3+和As5+的吸收和富集,藻细胞内As5+还原、甲基化和外排也显著增强。因此,在不影响小球藻细胞生长的条件下,P对其As富集和转化过程的影响比N更为显著。     

Evaluation of the Potential of Lipid-Extracted Chlorella vulgaris Residue for Yarrowia lipolytica Growth at Different pH Levels

Projections show that the cultivation of microalgae will extend to the production of bio-based compounds, such as biofuels, cosmetics, and medicines. This will generate co-products or residues that will need to be valorized to reduce the environmental impact and the cost of the process. This study explored the ability of lipid-extracted Chlorella vulgaris residue as a sole carbon and nitrogen source for growing oleaginous yeasts without any pretreatment. Both wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica W29 and mutant JMY3501 (which was designed to accumulate more lipids without their remobilization or degradation) showed a similar growth rate of 0.28 h⁻¹ at different pH levels (3.5, 5.5, and 7.5). However, the W29 cell growth had the best cell number on microalgal residue at a pH of 7.5, while three times fewer cells were produced at all pH levels when JMY3501 was grown on microalgal residue. The JMY3501 growth curves were similar at pH 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5, while the fatty-acid composition differed significantly, with an accumulation of α-linolenic acid on microalgal residue at a pH of 7.5. Our results demonstrate the potential valorization of Chlorella vulgaris residue for Yarrowia lipolytica growth and the positive effect of a pH of 7.5 on the fatty acid profile.     

Antioxidative Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysates and Their Application in Krill Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Chlorella pyrenoidosa is an excellent source of protein, and in this research, we assessed the antioxidant and emulsifying effects of Chlorella protein hydrolysate (CPH) using neutral proteases and alkaline proteases, as well as the properties of CPH-derived krill oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The CPHs exhibited the ability to scavenge several kinds of free radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), O₂⁻, hydroxyl, and ABTS. Additionally, the CPHs (5 mg/mL) scavenged approximately 100% of the DPPH and ABTS. The CPHs showed similar emulsifying activities to Tween 20 and excellent foaming activities (max FS 74%), which helped to stabilize the krill oil-in-water emulsion. Less than 10 mg/mL CPHs was able to form fresh krill oil-in-water emulsions; moreover, the CPHs (5 mg/mL) in a krill O/W emulsion were homogenous, opaque, and stable for at least 30 days. Based on their inhibitory effects on the peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TRABS), the CPHs were found to be able to inhibit lipid oxidation in both emulsifying systems and krill O/W emulsions. Thus, the CPHs could improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 5- or 10-fold and decrease the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level caused by the addition of H₂O₂ in vitro. In conclusion, health-promoting CPHs could be applied in krill oil-in-water emulsions as both emulsifiers and antioxidants, which could help to improve the oxidative and physical stability of emulsions.     

复合氨基酸对小球藻的生长、叶绿素a含量及光合放氧量的影响

研究了液体和固体复合氨基酸对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoides)生长和生理活性的影响。结果表明,两种复合氨基酸对小球藻生长、叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量均有显著促进作用,液体复合氨基酸和固体复合氨基酸对小球藻促生长的最佳浓度分别为40 mg/L和11.12 mg/L。当液体复合氨基酸浓度为40 mg/L,相对生长率(RGR)较对照组增加了81.58%,平均倍增时间(G)缩短了45.08%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(72.25±1.69)%和(38.05±2.58)%;当固体复合氨基酸浓度为11.12 mg/L,相对生长率较对照组增加了17.31%,平均倍增时间缩短了14.48%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(119.03±4.72)%和(34.49±1.98)%。     

富硒海洋小球藻对三疣梭子蟹血清中部分免疫活性酶的影响

对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)分别饲以单纯配合饵料(对照组)和"配合饵料+富硒藻粉"的混料(试验组),研究其血清中部分免疫活性因子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,并对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,试验组三疣梭子蟹血清中的SOD活性逐渐上升,至72 h达到最高点,比对照组高44%;ACP活性24 h即呈大幅度上升趋势,24 h时比对照组高97%,上升趋势维持到48 h达最高点(是对照组的3.7倍),72 h仍为对照组的2.8倍;AKP活性5、24 h分别比对照组高39%、38%,48 h达最高(比对照组高80%);CAT活性24 h是对照组的4.3倍,48 h仍为对照组的2.1倍。试验证实,在投喂"配合饵料+富硒藻粉"的混料72 h内,三疣梭子蟹体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD、ACP、AKP、CAT活性在不同时间段均有诱导性升高,显著高于对照组水平,说明饲喂普通饵料添加一定量富硒藻粉能有效激活三疣梭子蟹的免疫活性。     

普通小球藻和雨生血球藻之间的化感效应

为了探讨经济微藻之间是否存在化感互利效应的问题,进行了普通小球藻和雨生血球藻之间的化感作用效应试验。试验设置了氮、磷营养限制和正常营养2个水平,普通小球藻和雨生血球藻分别作为受体被培养在相对应的供体藻滤液中的处理,测定了藻细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素a含量等指标。结果表明：①普通小球藻滤液对雨生血球藻的生长具有化感促进效应,雨生血球藻滤液对普通小球藻同时存在化感促进或抑制效应。②在正常营养条件下,2种微藻的细胞密度均呈现较明显的互利促进效应,普通小球藻滤液对雨生血球藻细胞密度的增加量为5.5%-15.8%;雨生血球藻滤液对普通小球藻细胞密度的促进量为2.0%-16.8%。③在营养限制条件下,普通小球藻滤液对雨生血球藻具化感促进作用,细胞密度的促进量为2.3%-13.0%;而雨生血球藻滤液对普通小球藻却产生化感抑制效应,细胞密度的抑制率为10.0%-14.1%。     

3种有机溶剂及其混合物对蛋白核小球藻时间毒性的探究

已有研究表明部分污染物的毒性具有时间依赖性。以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)为指示生物,透明96孔微板为实验载体,以3种有机溶剂甲醇(Meth)、乙醇(Eth)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)及其不同体积比的混合物为研究对象,应用时间毒性微板分析法(简称t-MTA)系统测定有机溶剂及其混合物在0、12、24、48、72和96 h对C.pyrenoidosa的毒性效应。结果表明,有机溶剂对C.pyrenoidosa具有明显的时间依赖毒性特征,但不同有机溶剂毒性的大小不同,随时间增长速率不同,毒性大小顺序亦随时间发生变化;有机溶剂混合物也具有明显的时间依赖毒性特征,不同比例有机溶剂混合物在不同暴露时间的毒性差异不明显,但不同比例有机溶剂混合物毒性随时间的变化规律不同,在0~24 h,体积比为1:1、1:2和1:3混合物的毒性缓慢增加,2:1、3:1混合物的毒性迅速增加;在24~48 h,1:1、1:2和1:3混合物的毒性迅速增加,2:1和3:1混合物的毒性增加速率减缓;48~96h内5种比例混合物的毒性增加速率均减缓;有机溶剂混合物对蛋白核小球藻的毒性变化规律受体积比较大的组分影响。