湛江地区蝶类资源调查初报

经过几年来对湛江地区的各种蝶类进行标本采集和分类鉴定,结果表明,湛江蝶类共60种,隶属7科,32属。其中蛱堞科、凤蝶科是湛江地区蝶类的优势类种群,同时记述了各种蝴蝶的寄主,     

Effects of vegetation coverage on oviposition by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luehdorfia japonica</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

The effects of canopy and shrub layer coverage on the frequency of oviposition by a papilionid butterfly, Luehdorfia japonica, were investigated. Density of larval host plant tended to be higher where shrub layer was thinner, and the frequency of oviposition was correlated with host plant abundance. On the other hand, host plant abundance and the frequency of oviposition were not correlated with canopy layer coverage. Eggs were mainly found at or near the forest edge irrespective of host plant abundance.     

Removing an exotic shrub from riparian forests increases butterfly abundance and diversity

Invasive plants are one of the greatest threats to endangered insect species and a major threat to Lepidoptera in eastern North America. We investigated the effects of the invasive shrub Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and two methods (mulching or hand-felling) of removing it from riparian forests on butterfly communities and compared them to untreated, heavily invaded control plots and to “desired future condition” forests that never had extensive privet cover. Privet mulching resulted in nearly twice as many butterflies as privet felling and both treatments had more butterflies two years after privet removal than untreated control plots. Butterfly communities on control plots differed from those on the two treatments and the desired future condition forests. A number of forest characteristics were evaluated but only herbaceous plant cover (excluding privet) was positively correlated with butterfly abundance, diversity and evenness. The Carolina satyr, Hermeuptychia sosybius, was the best indicator of forests where privet had never invaded. Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests in the southeastern United States greatly improved forest habitats for butterflies and evidence suggests that butterfly communities in other temperate forests could benefit from removal of extensive shrub layers dominated by a single species.     

How peri-urban areas can strengthen animal populations within cities: A modeling approach

We explore the extent to which inner-city fauna can be enhanced by source areas in peri-urban zones as a response to a decreasing quality and size of green habitats within cities. The objectives were to get a better understanding of the interaction between animal populations of urban and peri-urban areas, and the role of urban green structures within this relationship, and to find out the extent to which peri-urban areas can contribute to urban animal populations. We illustrate the idea of peri-urban support by using a simulation model for individual animal movement, applied in a particular case-study with butterflies as model species. Results show differences in accessibility of inner-city areas between model butterfly species that differ in mobility. The impact of peri-urban individuals on populations of inner-city habitats differed among several peri-urban source-scenarios: the enlargement of the inner-city butterfly population by peri-urban individuals was determined as 7-36% for ‘moderate dispersers’ and 19-56% for ‘good dispersers’. Results also show that well-connected habitat patches within existing urban green structures were more likely to be visited by peri-urban individuals than isolated habitat patches. We conclude that peri-urban nature areas, if large enough, can have a potentially positive influence on the presence of fauna in inner-city neighborhoods. In addition, results suggest that connectivity between inner-city and peri-urban habitat patches enhances contribution of peri-urban migrants to inner-city populations. By providing a range of different habitats, from inner-city up to peri-urban area, moderately mobile habitat specialists could better compete against the small set of successful habitat generalists that are increasing in urban environments all over the world.     

长白山蝴蝶资源的调查与开发利用现状

中朝两国长白山（ 白头山） 区蝴蝶资源的文献调查结果表明：中国已有记载１２８ 种,朝鲜记载１９０ 种,中朝长白山区共有记载２１７ 种．进一步分析表明,今后的调查重点应放在长白、和龙一带的１ ５００ ｍ 以下地区,调查的有利时机为６ ～８ 月份．目前开发利用的长白山蝴蝶制品主要有蝴蝶服饰卡、蝴蝶旅游纪念卡、蝴蝶贺卡、蝴蝶点缀品及蝶翅画等     

我国当前蝴蝶产业面临的挑战与对策

介绍了我国目前蝴蝶产业的背景情况和发展现状,着重阐述了该产业发展中面临的目标与思路、政策与法律、科研与技术、人才与培养等一系列问题,并针对性地提出了相应解决意见。     

中国蝶类多样性威胁因子分析

蝴蝶越来越受到诸多人为以及自然因素的影响,直接或间接地威胁蝴蝶繁殖、生长、羽化、交配等正常生长过程,从而对蝴蝶种群发展造成不利影响。蝴蝶的主要威胁因子有环境污染、栖息地破坏、农药喷洒、人为捕捉,这些威胁因子对蝴蝶威胁巨大,不仅降低蝴蝶种群数量,可能导致某些蝶种灭绝;蝴蝶的次要威胁因子有寄主植物破坏、放牧、旅游开发、城市化、气候变暖等人为因子,还包括低温、洪水、天敌危害、蝴蝶自身因素等自然因子,这些因子是导致自然界中蝴蝶越来越少,是蝴蝶正常生存的制约因素。     

蝴蝶多样性与地形相关性研究——以大峪流域为例

蝴蝶物种丰富度是蝴蝶多样性研究的热点之一,以大峪流域的蝴蝶为研究对象,借助GIS技术,结合数字高程模型（DEM）数据,研究了大峪流域内的蝴蝶多样性沿海拔梯度分布格局,及其与地形复杂度之间的关系。结果表明：随着海拔的升高,蝴蝶的科、属、种丰富度和密度均呈逐渐降低的趋势;蝴蝶的丰富度和密度与地形复杂度成正相关,随地形复杂度的降低而降低。