广州市城镇型绿道蝴蝶群落多样性研究

2019年4—11月,采用样线法对广州市城镇型21条绿道的蝴蝶群落结构多样性进行调查,分析了不同月份蝴蝶群落特点。共记录蝴蝶7科27属31种106头,酢浆灰蝶Pseudozizeeria maha和东方菜粉蝶Pieris canidia是优势种。粉蝶科Pieridae物种数最多,灰蝶科Lycaenidae次之;蛱蝶科Nymphalidae属数最多,粉蝶科和灰蝶科次之,蚬蝶科Riodinidae最少。物种丰富度、各科的种属多样性指数以蛱蝶科最高,分别为2.52、1.99和1.99,优势度指数则最低,为0.25。不同月份优势类群和常见类群不同,7月的蝴蝶多样性指数明显高于4月和11月,优势度指数则最低。蝴蝶多样性可为城镇型绿道品质提升提供数据参考。     

Removing an exotic shrub from riparian forests increases butterfly abundance and diversity

Invasive plants are one of the greatest threats to endangered insect species and a major threat to Lepidoptera in eastern North America. We investigated the effects of the invasive shrub Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and two methods (mulching or hand-felling) of removing it from riparian forests on butterfly communities and compared them to untreated, heavily invaded control plots and to “desired future condition” forests that never had extensive privet cover. Privet mulching resulted in nearly twice as many butterflies as privet felling and both treatments had more butterflies two years after privet removal than untreated control plots. Butterfly communities on control plots differed from those on the two treatments and the desired future condition forests. A number of forest characteristics were evaluated but only herbaceous plant cover (excluding privet) was positively correlated with butterfly abundance, diversity and evenness. The Carolina satyr, Hermeuptychia sosybius, was the best indicator of forests where privet had never invaded. Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests in the southeastern United States greatly improved forest habitats for butterflies and evidence suggests that butterfly communities in other temperate forests could benefit from removal of extensive shrub layers dominated by a single species.     

蝴蝶多样性与地形相关性研究——以大峪流域为例

蝴蝶物种丰富度是蝴蝶多样性研究的热点之一,以大峪流域的蝴蝶为研究对象,借助GIS技术,结合数字高程模型（DEM）数据,研究了大峪流域内的蝴蝶多样性沿海拔梯度分布格局,及其与地形复杂度之间的关系。结果表明：随着海拔的升高,蝴蝶的科、属、种丰富度和密度均呈逐渐降低的趋势;蝴蝶的丰富度和密度与地形复杂度成正相关,随地形复杂度的降低而降低。     

How peri-urban areas can strengthen animal populations within cities: A modeling approach

We explore the extent to which inner-city fauna can be enhanced by source areas in peri-urban zones as a response to a decreasing quality and size of green habitats within cities. The objectives were to get a better understanding of the interaction between animal populations of urban and peri-urban areas, and the role of urban green structures within this relationship, and to find out the extent to which peri-urban areas can contribute to urban animal populations. We illustrate the idea of peri-urban support by using a simulation model for individual animal movement, applied in a particular case-study with butterflies as model species. Results show differences in accessibility of inner-city areas between model butterfly species that differ in mobility. The impact of peri-urban individuals on populations of inner-city habitats differed among several peri-urban source-scenarios: the enlargement of the inner-city butterfly population by peri-urban individuals was determined as 7-36% for ‘moderate dispersers’ and 19-56% for ‘good dispersers’. Results also show that well-connected habitat patches within existing urban green structures were more likely to be visited by peri-urban individuals than isolated habitat patches. We conclude that peri-urban nature areas, if large enough, can have a potentially positive influence on the presence of fauna in inner-city neighborhoods. In addition, results suggest that connectivity between inner-city and peri-urban habitat patches enhances contribution of peri-urban migrants to inner-city populations. By providing a range of different habitats, from inner-city up to peri-urban area, moderately mobile habitat specialists could better compete against the small set of successful habitat generalists that are increasing in urban environments all over the world.     

患病蝶尾金鱼维氏气单胞菌温和生物变种的分离鉴定

研究从患病蝶尾金鱼(Butterfly)肝脏中分离获得的1株病菌,为金鱼疾病防治提供参考。分离纯化获得1株细菌,编号为DW-1,通过细菌形态观察、理化特性、16S rDNA序列分析等方法进行鉴定。结果表明DW-1菌株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,可发酵葡萄糖产气,赖氨酸脱羧酶、硝酸盐还原等为阳性;进一步通过PCR方法扩增16S rDNA序列,测得长度为1 385 bp,与维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)相似性为99%~100%;构建系统发育树与维氏气单胞菌温和生物变种(A.veronii biovar sobria)模式菌株ATCC9071聚为一支。最终鉴定该菌株为维氏气单胞菌温和生物变种。人工感染试验结果表明,对斑马鱼半数致死量(LD_(50))为1.17×10~6CFU/m L。药敏试验结果显示该菌株对头孢克肟、头孢哌酮、链霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、左氟沙星、复方新诺明等23种药物敏感。     

5种方法对蝴蝶干标本DNA的提取效果研究

[目的]研究蝴蝶干标本DNA的提取方法。[方法]采用5种不同的方法（SDS法、SDS-巯基乙醇-酚法、CTAB法、饱和NaCl法、SDS-巯基乙醇-氯仿法）对蝴蝶干标本DNA进行提取。[结果]SDS-巯基乙醇-酚法、饱和NaCl法和SDS-巯基乙醇-氯仿法适合蝴蝶干标本基因组DNA的提取,并且能成功地应用于蝴蝶线粒体基因COI、CytB和核基因EF-1α的PCR扩增。[结论]SDS-巯基乙醇-酚法、饱和NaCl法和SDS-巯基乙醇-氯仿法可以用于研究蝴蝶干标本DNA的抽提,为蝴蝶的分子系统进化研究奠定了基础。     

湛江地区蝶类资源调查初报

经过几年来对湛江地区的各种蝶类进行标本采集和分类鉴定,结果表明,湛江蝶类共60种,隶属7科,32属。其中蛱堞科、凤蝶科是湛江地区蝶类的优势类种群,同时记述了各种蝴蝶的寄主,     

中国蝶类多样性威胁因子分析

蝴蝶越来越受到诸多人为以及自然因素的影响,直接或间接地威胁蝴蝶繁殖、生长、羽化、交配等正常生长过程,从而对蝴蝶种群发展造成不利影响。蝴蝶的主要威胁因子有环境污染、栖息地破坏、农药喷洒、人为捕捉,这些威胁因子对蝴蝶威胁巨大,不仅降低蝴蝶种群数量,可能导致某些蝶种灭绝;蝴蝶的次要威胁因子有寄主植物破坏、放牧、旅游开发、城市化、气候变暖等人为因子,还包括低温、洪水、天敌危害、蝴蝶自身因素等自然因子,这些因子是导致自然界中蝴蝶越来越少,是蝴蝶正常生存的制约因素。     

蝴蝶泉公园生态环境修复与景观规划设计

文章介绍了第45届国际风景园林师联合会国际学生设计竞赛作品的构思创作过程及主要方案内容。利用蝴蝶数量逐渐减少这一线索,探求了云南大理蝴蝶泉地区的环境变迁。针对这个地区所发现的问题,通过水和植被等方面的规划,试图构建本地区自然环境的和谐良性循环。       

甘肃连城国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性及种-多度分布

为明确甘肃连城国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性及种-多度分布情况,采用样线法,共选定8条样线进行蝴蝶标本采集,并对保护区内不同生境蝴蝶的多样性及种-多度分布进行分析。结果显示：共采集标本998号,隶属7科60属102种。保护区内优势科主要为粉蝶科(Pieridae)与蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae);优势种主要集中在粉蝶科,包括箭纹绢粉蝶(Aporia procris)、绢粉蝶(Aporia crataegi)、秦岭绢粉蝶(Aporia tsinglingica)等。区系分析表明,保护区内古北种占34.31%,东洋种占19.61%,广布种占46.08%,其中广布种占主导地位。各样线的多样性指数表明,样线Ⅴ(森林-灌丛-草甸)的科级多样性指数、优势度指数、物种丰富度指数及个体数均为最高,样线Ⅲ(森林)的属级多样性指数最高,样线Ⅱ(森林-灌丛)均匀度指数、种级多样性指数最高。相似性结果表明：样线Ⅲ(森林)和样线Ⅷ(森林)的相似性系数最高(0.509 1),呈中等相似;样线Ⅱ(森林-灌丛)和样线Ⅳ(森林-灌丛),样线Ⅲ(森林)和样线Ⅳ(森林-灌丛)相似性系数分别为0.230 8、0.229 7,位...