第一课堂与课外科技竞赛活动协同培养大学生创新能力探析

从协同学的视角,探索基于第一课堂和课外科技竞赛活动一体化的创新人才培养模式,提出实现培养创新人才师生观念上的协同是前提,教师主导作用与学生主体作用的协同是关键,第一课堂理论教学与课外科技竞赛活动的协同是载体,建立以学生创新能力发展变化为序参量的激励与约束制度是保障,共同形成有利于创新人才培养的体制机制。     

广州市儿童公园中植物科普教育类活动项目研究

通过研究广州市13个儿童公园中植物科普教育类活动项目的类型、管理形式、使用状况和使用评价,并结合广州家长及儿童对植物科普教育活动项目的偏好与需求调研结果分析,探讨该类型活动的组织模式和开展方式,总结成功的经验及存在的问题,提出丰富植物资源、规划科普场地、增加活动项目、完善公园管理、培训科普人员等完善建议。     

血清酶活与猪肉品质关系的研究

通过１５头９０公斤体重ＳＤ—Ⅰ系猪的肉脂品质与血清中酶活的研究，表明磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）在猪肉品质中是一个很活跌的酶，它与瘦肉率、ｐＨ值存在着高阶偏相关关系，其四阶偏相关系数分别为０．６５，－０．５８，ＣＰＫ活性越高瘦肉率越高，ｐＨ值越低。它与肉质呈负相关趋势。可见，ＣＰＫ酶活超过一定限度，应激敏感性的猪存在的可能性越大，因而在瘦肉猪的选育工作中可将ＣＰＫ作为一项预测肉质优劣的选种指标。     

大花紫薇幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应

研究了不同Na Cl质量分数胁迫处理下,大花紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)幼苗的地上和地下生长指标、保护酶活性、脯氨酸、叶绿素以及电导率含量等各项生理指标的变化规律。结果表明:10.2%~0.4%Na Cl胁迫对幼苗生长有一定的促进作用,0.6%~1.0%Na Cl胁迫则抑制其生长,且对地上部分的抑制作用大于地下部分。2随着胁迫质量分数的增加和时间的延长,SOD、POD、CAT等活性呈先升后降的趋势,电导率、丙二醛摩尔质量分数持续上升。3随着胁迫时间的延长,脯氨酸质量分数在0.2%~0.6%Na Cl胁迫下呈现持续升高的趋势,在0.8%~1.0%Na Cl胁迫下呈现先升后降的趋势。4总叶绿素质量分数随胁迫质量分数的增加呈现先增后减的趋势。研究表明,大花紫薇幼苗对Na Cl胁迫具有一定的抵抗能力,在较低质量分数胁迫下,幼苗通过优化各器官的生物量分配以及提高体内的抗氧化保护系统缓解盐胁迫的伤害,而随着胁迫质量分数的增加和胁迫时间延长,超出抗氧化系统的保护范围之后,生长会受到较大影响。     

低温下外源水杨酸对玉米幼苗保护酶活性的影响

0.5mmol/L水杨酸(SA)预处理玉米幼苗降低了低温胁迫期间玉米幼苗体内丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧阴离子(O2-.)的产生速率。酶活性分析表明,SA预处理后玉米幼苗在低温胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较低温对照高。常温下用0.5mmol/LSA预处理玉米幼苗,提高了保护酶的活性,从而提高了玉米幼苗的抗寒性。     

Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Heinz Peschke zum 65. Geburtstag

The materials of article had been reported at the International Symposium "Nutritional and environmental Research in the 21st Century - The value of long-term field experiments", 5-7 June 2002, Bad Lauchstädt and Halle upon Saale. Agrochemical monitoring of the basic landscape components was launched in order to assess human impacts of land-use on the site of Barybino Experimental Station (Moscow Region, clay loam soddy-podzolic soils. 55°30'N, 37° 36' E). The climate is moderate continental, mean annual temperature of 3.8 °C and mean precipitation of 567 mm (1965-1998) at an elevation of 185 m above sea level. A typical soil cover pattern is represented as a complex of soddy-podzolic soils (podzo-luvisols) with excessive surface moistening features manifested differently according to the influence of the micro relief. The study was carried out from 1991 to 2001 in a crop rotation of silo maize, barley, perennial grasses (clover with timothy) and winter wheat, under different systems of fertilization (application of organic as well as mineral fertilizers, plant remedies and their combinations). Agrochemical monitoring let to establish the anthropogenic impacts on the system "soil-nutrients-plant"-environment. Alterations of the landscape components affected by human activities and climate change were estimated. At the site it could be shown that the amount of precipitation, soil properties and type of cultivated crop had mainly influenced migration of the nutrient elements.     

蓄水覆盖丰产沟土壤生物活性初探

本文通过对“蓄水覆盖丰产沟”土壤微生物的数量、分布、生物活性的测定,从土壤生物活性的角度说明“蓄水覆盖丰产沟”在提高作物产量,改土培肥上有较大的作用,同时也为我国北方旱区正确推广“丰产沟”提供理论上的依据。     

钙对茉莉酸甲酯诱导番茄抗灰霉病及防御酶活性的调控作用

以番茄品种L402幼苗为试材,通过外源施钙和缺钙处理,探讨钙对茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）诱导番茄抗灰霉病的作用及其生理机制。结果表明：（1）外源MeJA显著诱导番茄抗灰霉病|外源钙离子进一步增强MeJA诱导的抗病程度|而钙螯合剂EGTA和质膜钙通道抑制剂LaCl3则不同程度抑制MeJA诱导番茄的抗病性。（2）MeJA单独处理后2～5 d内PAL、PPO和POD活性显著高于对照,外源钙离子进一步增强MeJA诱导的上述防御酶活性,两种缺钙处理则不同程度降低防御酶活性。（3）外源施钙及不同缺钙处理,对MeJA诱导的CAT和SOD活性没有规律性影响。由此认为,钙增强MeJA诱导番茄抗灰霉病的程度,可能与其对MeJA诱导番茄叶片中PAL、PPO和POD等防御酶活性的调控有关。     

A statistics-based method for cluster analysis of the forest sector at the national and subnational level in Germany

Abstract

The cluster concept in economics contributes to new research on the forest sector's role in national and regional economies, yet incompatible cluster definitions and a variety of methodologies impede an objective comparison of findings. However, governmental statistical reporting systems are not well suited for a direct assessment of the forest sector due to classificatory and methodological shortcomings. This research presents a more standardized approach in the form of a statistics-based method for forest sector benchmarking and monitoring. The specification of the method included an extended cluster definition based on the Classification of Economic Activities in the European Union (NACE) and the validation of two suitable national statistical reporting systems. Testing the method in a case study for Germany demonstrates its capacity to provide consistent socioeconomic information on forest and wood-based industries in a sectoral, spatial and temporal dimension. In 2004, the German forest cluster accounted for 100,000 companies, 150 billion Euro gross turnover and over 900,000 employees (approximately 3.5% of the national economy) and ranked among the strongest manufacturing sectors. Individual wood-based industries indicated regional concentrations in federal states of Germany. Over the past decade, the forest sector was marked by considerable losses in turnover and employment, which increasingly deviated from the overall economic development of Germany. The research contributes to a more standardized, empirical understanding of the forest sector's role in national and regional economies, supporting rational decision making in cluster policy and management.     

锌对黄瓜幼苗根系生长及保护酶活性的影响

为促进科学合理施用微量元素肥料、培育黄瓜壮苗,进一步提高黄瓜产量和品质,以‘新津春4号’黄瓜为材料,缺锌的1/2 Hoagland营养液为基础,设置4个不同浓度的ZnSO4?7H2O处理(0、0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/L)。通过营养液水培的方法,研究不同锌浓度对黄瓜幼苗根系生长及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明：（1）随着锌浓度的增加,黄瓜幼苗根系的总长度、平均直径、总面积、总体积、根尖数逐渐提高,Zn3(0.4 mg/L)时达到最大。（2）在Zn0(0 mg/L)到Zn2(0.2 mg/L)范围内,随着锌浓度的提高,POD、CAT活性升高,当锌浓度大于Zn2时,POD、CAT活性降低;SOD活性随着锌浓度的增加显著提高;丙二醛(MDA)含量随着锌浓度的增加显著降低。（3）综合考虑的黄瓜生长生理指标,黄瓜幼苗根系生长的最佳ZnSO4?7H2O浓度为0.2 mg/L的1/2 Hoagland营养液。