乡村振兴战略下辽宁粮食产业高质量发展路径研究

文章分析了辽宁粮食产业发展中存在的突出问题,如生产经营模式落后、生产经营主体分散、劳动力老龄化、留守人员文化水平较低等,阐述了辽宁粮食产业高质量发展的路径与主要任务,并提出了政府引导推动、财政金融助力、科技引领支撑、龙头企业牵动等加快辽宁粮食产业高质量发展的建议,以更好地发挥粮食产业高质量发展在乡村振兴战略中的支撑引领作用.     

银川市园林精品化发展探析

从园林设计、施工、管理等方面对精品化园林发展进行了探讨,提出了不断创新、不断学习先进技术、注重细节管理、提高园林管理水平、提升精品化意识等园林精品化发展措施。     

优质茶鲜对品质成份在年周期中的动态变化

通过全年茶季各阶段测定,分析了芽叶的机械组成,叶、梗及整体的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、儿茶素总量和纤维素的动态变化。探明叶/梗比值可以作为鲜叶嫩度指标;而5个品质成份中,以水浸出物和氨基酸的季节性差异达极显著水平,并据此建立回归方程。     

以沈阳泰山路绿地为例探讨精品绿地在城市绿化中的发展

本文以沈阳泰山路绿地为例,从绿地的模式、栽植植物的种类和数量、以及绿地建成后对专业和非专业人员进行的绿地质量评价调查等多方面进行分析,得出精品绿地的建设有利于提高绿地景观水平和植物多样性,并适于在城市绿化中建设发展。     

Effect of thinning flower buds on fruit and seed traits and root yield of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, commonly known as ginseng, is a perennial herb. Agricultural practices have an influence on growth and yield of P. ginseng plants. Effect of thinning flower buds (treatment A (TA) the outermost whorl of flower buds in the umbels was retained while all other buds were excised; treatment B (TB) the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels) on fruit traits, which include number of fruits per plant, single fruit: double fruit ratio, fruit weigh (FW) per square meter, weight of 100 fruits, vertical length of fruit (VLF), horizontal diameter of the fruit (HFD) and thickness of the fruit (TF), seed traits, which include number of seeds per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, number of different seed grading categories (extremely large seeds (ELS), large seeds (LS), medium-sized seeds (MS), small seeds (SS)) per square meter, vertical length of the seed (VLS), horizontal diameter of the seed (HSD), thickness of the seed (TS), and the root yield and total ginsenosides content of root of four- and five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng was studied in Fusong region of north-eastern China. The results showed that the FW and VLF, the weight of 1000 seeds, number of ELS per square meter, VLS and HDS of ELS, HDS and TS of MS and root yield were increased significantly by TA and TB (p < 0.05), whereas the number of MS and SS were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in four- and five-year-old plants. The number of ELS and LS in TB and control were higher than that of in TA, and not significant was observed between TB and control. The root yield in TB was significantly higher than that in control of five-year-old plants. Number of the seeds per square meter of five-year-old plants was higher than that of four-year-old plants. The results indicated that the method of thinning flower buds, which was the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels, on five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng plants was a favourable method to promote the production of high-quality seeds and maximise the root yield.     

优质早籼稻品种的库、源、流特性研究

以优质早籼稻品种佳禾早占为对照,研究优质早籼稻新品种泉珍10号、佳辐占与漳佳占的库、源、流特性。结果表明,泉珍10号库容量大,填库能力强,冠层叶挺直,叶面积指数大,干物质积累总量大,开花后茎鞘干物质向穗部运转量大,对稻谷的贡献率大;佳辐占和漳佳占的库、源、流特性有许多相似之处;佳辐占与漳佳占的主要差异:佳辐占穗粒数少,千粒重较大;漳佳占正好相反。     

加快农业科技创新 赋能农业高质量发展

科技创新是高质量发展的重要引擎。文章分析了我国现代农业发展现状和存在的问题,梳理了现代农业发展对农业科技创新的新要求,即保障粮食安全、推动农业高质量发展、增强农业产业竞争力等,并从强化关键核心技术攻关、构建农业产业全链条技术支撑体系、加快农业科技成果转化应用、改善科技创新生态等方面,提出了科技创新引领和支撑农业高质量发展的建议。     

陕西省山阳县茶叶高质量发展存在问题与对策

陕西省山阳县位于西部茶区北缘,20世纪70年代至今已有超过40年的种茶历史。因其生态环境优良,土壤偏酸性且富含锌、硒等微量元素,早春气温回升慢,干物质积累丰富,茶叶品质好,已成为陕南茶叶的一支新秀。但仍存在着耕作管理方式粗放、生产加工成本高、标准化生产技术推广慢、品牌多乱杂等影响和制约茶叶高质量发展的问题,从积极引进人才、加大技术指导、品牌建设、宣传展销及政策支持等方面提出茶叶高质量发展建议。     

氮肥减量对优质稻籽粒蛋白质影响及其合理性评价

氮肥作为保证水稻稳产和稻米品质的重要农业生产资源,在保证我国粮食安全方面发挥着重要的作用,但过多的氮肥投入势必对生态环境安全造成不利影响。为了明确浙北地区优质稻生产合理的施氮量,通过大田试验,采用随机区组设计,设置对照（不施肥,N0）、常规施氮（270kg/hm²纯氮,N）、氮肥减量15%（229.5kg/hm²纯氮,N-15%）和氮肥减量30%（189kg/hm²纯氮,N-30%）4个处理,研究氮肥减量对浙北优质稻籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,并对其施氮的合理性进行评价。结果表明,同N处理相比,N-15%和N-30%处理的产量与籽粒后期蛋白质及其组分含量差异不显著。N-15%和N-30%处理的氮素利用率分别提高了1.97%和8.11%,农田氮素盈余分别显著降低了20.56%和23.89%（P<0.05）,通过层次分析法（AHP）对浙北优质稻氮肥减量措施综合评价,得分为N-15%（0.86）>N-30%（0.67）>N（0.65）>N0（0.17）。综上所述,氮肥减量15%（229.5kg/hm²）为浙北地区优质稻生产较为适宜的施氮量。     

河南省中部地区优质小麦品种比较研究

[目的]大力发展优质专用小麦对满足市场需求,提高小麦市场竞争力具有重要意义。[方法]该研究对河南省小麦产业技术体系提供的12个优质小麦品种的产量和品质进行比较并对其抗逆性等进行鉴定。[结果]所有参试品种的越冬性较好,均无明显冻害发生。参试品种中,除师栾02-1和宿553的植株较高,部分发生倒伏外,其余品种均未发生倒伏现象。参试品种中只有宿553和矮抗58的均产高于对照(周麦18),增产率分别为10.97%和1.57%,其中宿553分蘖较强,较耐后期高温,生育期偏长,成穗率、穗粒数和千粒重均较高,产量三要素协调,均产达到7 075.5 kg/hm2,但植株偏高,易发生倒伏。DA7200型近红外分析表明,郑麦366、师栾02-1、新麦26、丰德存麦1号和郑麦3596等品种的品质指标均达到优质强筋标准。[结论]参试品种中丰德存麦1号、郑麦366和郑麦3596等品种综合性状表现较好,适宜在河南省中部地区推广种植。