孕期心理干预对改善孕产妇心理状况的研究

目的：探讨孕期心理干预对改善孕产妇心理状况的可行措施。方法：随机将孕妇分为2组并随访至产后2周（非心理干预组402人，随访至产后2周者356人；心理干预组323人，随访至产后2周者287人），心理干预组孕妇分孕早期、孕中期和孕晚期进行三阶段的心理干预，孕期调查用医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HAD），产后2周调查用艾迪产后抑郁量表（EPDS）并增加本次有关妊娠、分娩前后的生活事件等内容并进行比较。结果：心理干预组孕妇临产前焦虑和抑郁情绪均分值明显低于非心理干预组，其焦虑和抑郁情绪发生率也明显低于心理干预组，差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；产后抑郁症发生率明显低于非心理干预组（P＜0．01）。对其潜在心理背景分析表明：心理干预组的孕产妇在妊娠心境、产后育儿、与社会家人关系等得到明显改善（P＜0．01）；而对来自分娩周围环境、分娩疼痛等压力无明显改善，与非心理干预组比较差异不显著（P＞0．05）。结论：孕期心理干预可明显改善孕产妇的心理状况和降低产后抑郁症的发生率。     

奶牛产后血液流变学及生化主要指标动态变化研究

为了解产后健康奶牛血液流变学及生化主要指标的变化规律，探求母体产后发生胎衣不下的生理基础及发病机制，对9例2～4胎龄产后健康奶牛产后0、4、8、12、16h的血液流变学及主要生化主要指标进行了系统检测。结果表明，产后健康奶牛其血液流变学大多指标呈逐渐降低趋势，存在“气虚血瘀”现象，表明血液流变学及生化指标的异常变化可能是胎衣不下的重要原因。     

新生儿性别对产妇心理及生理的影响：附190例分析

了解新生儿性别对产妇心理及生理的影响。方法采用神经症筛选表及症状自评量表评定新生儿为男性的产妇８０例，新生儿为女性的产妇１１０例，并对比产后出血量、 复旧和乳汁分泌的差异。结果亲生儿为女性的产妇神经症选表及症状自评量得３分较高。     

产后健康奶牛血液流变学主要指标测定及其意义

为了解产后健康奶牛血液流变学的变化规律 ,验证“产后血瘀”这一传统生理观的客观存在 ,对 18例奶牛产后期(产后 1～ 30 d)血液流变学的全血比粘度高、低切 (η b80 s- 1 、η b2 0 s- 1 ) ,血浆比粘度 (η p) ,红细胞压积 (PCV) ,全血还原比粘度高、低切 (η r80 s- 1 、η r2 0 s- 1 ) ,红细胞聚集指数 (AI) ,红细胞刚性指数 (IR) ,血浆纤维蛋白原含量 (FG)等 9项指标进行了系统检测。结果表明 ,产后 15、30 d与新产时 (产后 1～ 7d)比较 ,除 AI、η r2 0 s- 1外 ,其余 7项指标至少在某一时间段呈现差异极显著或显著 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。本试验从血液流变学的角度初步揭示了母畜“产后血瘀”这一论点的客观科学性     

奶牛产后血液流变学及生化主要指标动态变化

为了解产后健康奶牛血液流变学及生化主要指标的变化规律，对9例2～4胎龄健康奶牛产后0、4、8、12、16h的血液流变学及生化主要指标进行了检测。结果表明，产后健康奶牛全血比粘度(ηb80s^-1,ηb20s^-1)、全血还原比粘度(ηr80s^-1,ηr20s^-1)、血浆比粘度(ηp)和血细胞聚集指数(AI)等血液流变学指标呈逐渐降低趋势；血糖(GLU)、球蛋白(GLO)和淀粉酶等呈逐渐升高趋势。     

Lack of effects of an equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration between days 9 and 15 postpartum on reproductive performance in a Holstein dairy herd

Recently, it has been demonstrated that administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in the postpartum period in dairy cows can enhance follicle growth, reduce the interval from calving to first ovulation and increase plasma estradiol concentrations, and, thus, could enhance reproductive performance in a dairy herd when administered on day 6 postpartum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single dose of eCG between days 9 and 15 postpartum on parameters of reproductive performance in dairy cows. German Holstein cows (n = 1937; primiparous cows: n = 748; pluriparous cows: n = 1189) in a commercial dairy farm were randomly assigned to three experimental groups. Animals within the group eCG received a single dose of 600 IU eCG intramuscularly (i.m.) between days 9 and 15 postpartum followed by an i.m. administration of 500 μg cloprostenol after 14 days. Those of treatment group PG received cloprostenol only between days 23 and 29 postpartum. Cows of the control group remained untreated. Starting on day 49 postpartum, cows were subjected to a Presynch‐Ovsynch protocol and inseminated artificially. The impact of application time (days postpartum) of eCG on the intervals calving to first service and calving to conception was statistically not significant. Outcomes of reproductive performance (i.e. first service conception rate, proportion of pregnant cows until 100 and 150 days in milk [DIM], number of inseminations until 150 DIM, calving to first service interval and calving to conception interval) did not differ significantly between treatment group eCG and group PG compared to control group. Regarding postpartum eCG administration, significant interactions between treatment and parity, season, milk yield, and early puerperal disorders, respectively, could not be shown. In conclusion, an eCG treatment of dairy cows between days 9 and 15 postpartum to increase reproductive performance cannot be recommended under the given circumstances.     

Comparative biochemical profiles,production and reproduction status of the post‐partum dairy cows with and without purulent vaginal discharge

Purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) is a prevalent uterine disease of dairy cows during the puerperium that affects the milk production and affects the profitability of farms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical profile, the body condition score, the milk production of cows with PVD and the effects PVD on reproductive performance. A total of 338 Holstein dairy cows aged from 3 to 5 years, from three commercial dairy farms, from Brazil, were used. Blood samples were collected within 25 ± 3 days post‐partum from Holstein dairy cows without PVD (control cows, n = 242) and cows with PVD (n = 96), based on scoring of the vaginal discharge. The body condition score and milk production were recorded on the day of sampling. The biochemical profile encompassed albumin, urea, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, calcium, fibrinogen and cholesterol concentrations. The number of services per pregnancy was lower (p < 0.01), and the number of days until first insemination and the median time to pregnancy were higher in cows with PVD (p < 0.01) when compared with control cows. Milk production and body condition score were lower (p < 0.01) in cows with PVD than in control group. Cows with PVD had lower (p < 0.05) serum albumin, urea, calcium and cholesterol concentrations, and higher serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity and fibrinogen concentration than cows without PVD. Our results show that cows with PVD have changes in the biochemical profile and negative effects on production and reproduction performance.