Cosmetic Application of Cyanobacteria Extracts with a Sustainable Vision to Skincare: Role in the Antioxidant and Antiaging Process

Nature-based and sustainably sourced cosmetics have been dominating the area of skincare products worldwide. Due to their antioxidant and antiaging properties, compounds from cyanobacteria, such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, may replace synthetic ingredients in cosmetic formulations and may be used in products such as sunscreens, skincare creams, and makeup. In this study, we evaluated the potential of acetonic and aqueous extracts from cyanobacteria strains of the genera Cyanobium and Leptothoe and from strains within Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales orders, for use in cosmetics. Extractions were sequentially performed with acetone and water. Extracts were firstly analyzed for their toxicity to keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (HaCAT, 3T3L1 and hCMEC/D3, respectively). The non-cytotoxic extracts were characterized in terms of total proteins, carotenoids, chlorophyll, phenols, phycobiliproteins, and analyzed for their antioxidant potential against the superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), and for their ability to inhibit key enzymes associated with the skin aging process. Aqueous extracts were richer in total proteins and phycobiliproteins. The aqueous extracts of Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181157 and Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181150 showed the highest value for total proteins (760.81 and 695.25 μg BSA mL⁻¹_{dry extract,} respectively) and the best values regarding O₂^•− scavenging (IC₅₀ = 63.24 and 112.18 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}, respectively) with a significant negative correlation observed (p < 0.01). Moreover, aqueous extracts of Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181150 and Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181157 inhibited hyaluronidase, (IC₅₀ of 483.86 and 645.06 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}, respectively), with a significant negative correlation with total proteins (p < 0.05), pointing out the contribution of these compounds to the biological activities observed. Acetonic extracts were richer in carotenoids and phenols. Zeaxanthin and β-carotene were predominant among all strains, being present in higher amount in Cyanobium sp. LEGE 07175 (53.08 μg mg⁻¹) and Leptothoe sp. LEGE 181156 (47.89 μg mg⁻¹), respectively. The same strains also showed the highest values for collagenase inhibition at 750 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract} (32.88 and 36.61%, respectively). Furthermore, Leptothoe sp. LEGE 181156 exhibited the lowest IC₅₀ value for tyrosinase inhibition (465.92 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}) and Synechococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 181157 presented the best values for elastase inhibition (IC₅₀ of 380.50 and IC₂₅ of 51.43 μg mL⁻¹_{dry extract}). In general, cyanobacteria extracts demonstrated potential for being used for antiaging purposes, with aqueous extracts being more efficient at free radicals scavenging and acetonic ones at avoiding degradation of dermal matrix components.     

胡卢巴抗氧化成分提取方法研究

本研究探讨提取胡卢巴抗氧化成分的方法,旨在为胡卢巴的保健效用及其开发利用提供基本资料。采用乙酸乙酯、丙酮、水、乙醇、乙醚等溶剂,结合超声波处理从胡卢巴中提取抗氧化成分,对各种提取物设置不同的浓度梯度,分别测定清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力、对羟自由基的清除作用、抗膜质过氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力,以及测定总黄铜和总酚的含量。结果表明:5种溶剂提取的成分中,乙酸乙酯提取物的超氧阴离子自由基的清除率最高;乙醚提取物的羟自由基清除率最高;丙酮提取物的抗膜质过氧化能力最强;水提取物的DPPH自由基清除率最高;乙酸乙酯提取物的总黄酮测定结果最高;乙醚提取物的总酚浓度最高。     

马蓝次生代谢产物研究进展

马蓝是一种常用的道地药材,地下根茎与根常作为生产板蓝根及制剂的原料,具有多种药效功能。药用植物中有效成分大多数为植物次生代谢产物,但当前就马蓝次生代谢方面的研究却鲜有报道。本研究以植物的次生代谢为出发点,结合马蓝目前已经报道的药效成分研究现状,着重从酚类、萜类、含氮化合物3种次生代谢产物对马蓝次生代谢产物研究概况进行阐述,旨在为马蓝药效成分形成的分子机制研究提供理论基础,为进一步开展马蓝种质创新工作奠定基础。     

不同产地香菇氨基酸组成及营养价值评价

为比较不同产地香菇的氨基酸组成差异,使用氨基酸自动分析仪快速检测了5种不同产地香菇的氨基酸组成,采用氨基酸比值系数法对其氨基酸进行营养价值评价。结果表明,不同产地香菇的氨基酸含量不同,总氨基酸含量在(14.39～18.71) g/100 g;必需氨基酸含量相差较大,其范围为(4.68～6.33) g/100 g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的平均值为34%,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)的平均值为51%。在5种香菇样品中,亮氨酸的比值系数(RC)最小,为第一限制性氨基酸,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)平均值为87.846。四川通江(Q5)香菇的SRC值最高,且各必需氨基酸的RC值与1接近,与模式氨基酸最接近,因此从氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸所占比例来讲,四川通江(Q5)香菇的品质最佳,可作为香菇蛋白产品开发与利用的理想资源。     

不同樱桃番茄果实营养特性比较及遗传倾向研究

以不同亲本和F_1代樱桃番茄果实为材料,分别对感官品质、营养品质以及次生代谢物质总酚和类黄酮等指标进行综合分析,并对其主效成分进行遗传倾向的研究,探讨番茄果实营养特性及对杂种后代的遗传特性。结果表明,(1)F_1代樱桃番茄中7261和7264的品质较优,其营养品质以及次级代谢物总酚和类黄酮的质量分数显著较高,且产量均在6 kg/m~2左右;(2)在杂交育种过程中可溶性蛋白、维生素C质量分数、总酚以及类黄酮均具有超高的遗传力,均达到100%以上,对后代的遗传效果明显,而单果质量、番茄红素、可溶性糖以及可滴定酸的质量分数的遗传效果较不明显;(3)后代材料7261各指标的遗传力均显著较高,且可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C以及总酚分别出现超高亲植株,但是在后续的研究选育中仍需进一步探索其营养价值及遗传效果。     

拉缘蝽为害对卵叶小蜡内含物含量的影响

通过对受拉缘蝽不同程度为害的卵叶小蜡叶片的单宁、黄酮、总酚含量的测定,结果表明:受害的卵叶小蜡叶片的单宁含量随着拉缘蝽若、成虫为害程度的加重而发生变化,在受害初期显著增加,但随着为害程度的加重,而呈逐渐下降的趋势;受害卵叶小蜡叶片中黄酮含量随着受害程度的加剧,呈先上升、而后再下降的特点;叶部总酚的含量随着受害程度的不断加重,总酚的含量呈现上升的趋势。说明卵叶小蜡应激反应的过程是一种随着受害程度的不同而不断变化的动态过程。     

森林土壤酚类物质的消解规律

采用室内模拟培养的研究方法,对4种森林生态系统(天然更新常绿阔叶林、一代杉木老龄林、二代杉木萌芽天然更新林、二代杉木人工林)土壤酚类物质含量的动态变化规律进行研究.结果表明,在常温或冷藏状态下,各系统土壤总酚、复合态酚和水溶性酚含量基本上呈现明显降低的趋势,各系统土壤总酚、复合态酚和水溶性酚的总消解率分别为64.91%-91.21%、58.13%-83.24%和65.27%-83.78%.在冷藏状态下,土壤总酚的消解率比在常温状态的土壤低,说明低温抑制了土壤总酚的消解作用,而对土壤复合态酚和水溶性酚的消解率影响不明显.不同森林生态系统的土壤总酚和复合态酚的消解率均存在显著差异,不同森林生态系统土壤水溶性酚的消解率差异不显著.初始酚类物质含量高的土壤系统,其消解率也较高,表明如果没有外来的酚类物质继续加入,土壤中各种酚类物质的消解率较高.由此推测,在野外自然条件下,酚类物质在土壤中发生严重积累并造成林木中毒的可能性较小.     

Characterization of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown with biopesticides and deltamethrin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and the post-harvest loss of mass of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Verônica that was grown in a protective environment with applications of biopesticides. The curly lettuce was treated by spraying with neem oil, cassava flour wastewater (manipueira), biofertiliser or the control treatment of deltamethrin. We determined the weight, circumference, dry matter, ash, crude protein, total phenols and minerals profile for the heads of lettuce. After harvesting, the lettuce was packed into opened plastic bags and kept at 5 °C for 5 days to evaluate its weight loss. No differences were observed among the treatments for the physico-chemical parameters. The lettuce that was sprayed with manipueira or biofertiliser had the greatest weight loss during storage. The achievement of similar yields with cheaper products suggests a benefit of using organic bioinsecticides.     

甘肃天祝高寒地区5种灌木中酚类物质含量的研究

对甘肃天祝金强河高寒地区5种灌木中的酚类物质含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,不同的灌木品种其酚类物质的含量不同。藏沙棘总酚,单宁和缩合单宁的干物质含量均高于其他灌木,分别高达69.67,63.34和42.45 g/kg,而其简单酚的干物质含量最低,仅为4.27 g/kg。窄叶鲜卑木的酚类物质含量较低,与其他灌木相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,单宁和简单酚含量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.94,P<0.01),与缩合单宁的相关系数为r=0.82(P<0.05),而简单酚与缩合单宁含量呈不显著的负相关关系。