2019年及近年我国农药登记情况和特点分析

总结、分析了2019年及近年我国农药登记的基本情况和特点。最近7年来,每年微毒/低毒农药登记数量与当年农药登记总量的比值,及与本年度新增登记数量的比值均持续上升,其比值的年均值分别为82.0%和93.4%;环境友好的剂型在迅速增加,悬浮剂与本年度新增产品登记数量的比值一直处于领先位置,可分散油悬浮剂的比值增长突显,乳油比值在逐年递减;杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂3大类农药登记数量与本年度新增登记数量的比值趋向显著平均;低风险的新农药登记数量在不断增加,生物源农药登记数量增长稳定,5年来其有效成分和产品的年均增长率分别为9.88%和9.46%。从政策和技术上促进特色小宗作物用药登记产品数量快速增加。上述特点表明,我国农药正朝着有利于人畜健康和生态环境安全的方向发展。     

知识产权对接中小企业模式研究

知识产权是企业核心竞争力的重要来源,特别是中小企业发展壮大的有效手段,因此中小企业亟须提升知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理能力.实施中小企业对接知识产权模式的有效途径是:企业进一步提高对知识产权的认识与自主创新能力,加快知识产权人才培养;同时政府要在知识产权交易、服务、运用和产权保护等方面发挥主导作用.     

体重和温度对草鱼摄食小浮萍的影响

研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)对浮萍的摄食能力及主要影响因素,为合理利用草鱼控制小江回水区浮萍暴发提供依据。草鱼(体重29.7~491.2 g)取自红安县中海农业科技有限公司渔场,小浮萍种源采自重庆市云阳县高阳镇黄莲坝库湾。在试验室条件下研究了草鱼对小浮萍的最大摄食量、最大摄食率与体重和温度的关系。结果表明,在水温(25.82±0.57)℃条件下,随着体重的增加(40.36~478.17 g),草鱼的最大摄食量增大,但最大摄食率呈减小的趋势,两者与体重的相关关系分别为C_(max)=2.460W~(0.779),FR_(max)=246.0W~(-0.221);水温(16.55~30.50℃)对草鱼的最大摄食量和最大摄食率的影响极显著(P0.01),最大摄食量和最大摄食率与水温的回归方程分别为C_(max)=0.074T~(2.045),FR_(max)=0.164T~(1.940);建立的预测不同温度和体重条件下草鱼对小浮萍最大摄食率的模型为:FR_(max)=0.410T~(1.940)W~(-0.221)。     

湘西北山区“长防林”生态效益研究初报

湘西北山区长江防护林生态效益监测站，分别就“长防林”对小流域小气候、坡面产流量、产沙量、输沙率、林地最大涵水能力及保土效果进行了定位观测，资料分析表明，长防林生态效益十分显著。     

湘中丘陵区"长防林"生态效益研究初报

通过对湘中丘陵区长江防护林生态效益的定位观测，分别对小流域小气候、坡面产流量、产沙量及输沙率的分析、对林地最大涵水能力及保土效果进行了探讨。     

两种切梢小蠹生态学特性比较研究

纵坑切梢小蠹和横坑切梢小蠹是中国主要的森林蛀干害虫。在云南,两虫经常在云南松等松类树种上共同危害,造成重大生态和经济损失。这两种小蠹的种群结构因地区而异,其性比、成虫在枝梢上聚集危害的时间及其在树冠上的空间分布规律基本相同,但在树干上的空间分布规律有很大差异。通过研究并比较这两种小蠹的种群结构、性比、季节分布及空间分布等生态学特性差异,对防治有重要意义。     

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) plantation — An age old agroforestry system in Eastern Himalayas

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is a shade loving plant grown in the Indian hill states of Sikkim and Dargeeling district of West Bengal. About 30 important tree species are used to provide shade to the cardamom plants. Alnus nepalensis, a deciduous, nitrogen fixing and fast growing tree, is the species most commonly underplanted with cardamom. In addition to providing shade, it is also used for fuelwood. The old trees are cut and young plants coming up are allowed to grow in cyclic order. The quick decomposing leaf litter of A. nepalensis also fertilises the cardamom plants. The nitrogen added to the soil in this way has been found to be as high as 249 kg/ha. Large cardamom thrives well in a moist soil, which is maintained by water diverted from seasonal springs on the upper slopes. The system is well suited to conserving soil, water and tree cover of the characteristically steep slopes of the region. Moreover, the management inputs required for growing cardamom are low but the crop gives a higher financial return than rice or maize. The shade trees used in the system are also a major source of fuel, fodder and timber, especially as access to state owned forests is restricted by legislation. However, increasing incidence of viral chirkey and foorkey disease, panicle rot and capsule borer are reducing the cardamom productivity. It has been observed that integrating dairying and apiculture will further augment profitability from large cardamom agroforestry system.     

向日葵小菌核病防治措施的研究

本文通过对向日葵小菌核病（Ｓｄｅｒｏｔｉｎｉａ．ｍｉｎｏｒＪａｇｇｅｒ）的防治措施研究，明确了早期拔除病株，收获时及时清理病残秸杆，３年以上轮作，迟播种期到６月１日左右，采用５０％速克灵可湿性粉剂３７５０～７５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ￣２，５０％强力杀菌剂水剂３７５０～７５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ￣２，具有较好的防治效果。     

数控椭圆专用铣床设计理论研究

以滑块椭圆机构原理设计数控椭圆专用铣床,该机构不需计算长短轴和焦距,用步进电机作为动力源可提高椭圆的加工精度,实现大批量自动化生产。     

Additive gene action for resistance to Puccinia striiformis F.SP. Tritici in Triticum dicoccoides

Summary Seven single-plant selections of wild emmer, with temperature-sensitive minor-effect genes for stripe rust resistance, were intercrossed in eight combinations. The resulting progenies were studied for a possible additive gene action.The transgressive segregation towards resistance in F₂ observed in all the combinations indicates that additive gene action for resistance indeed occurs in wild emmer. The common occurrence of this phenomenon in random combinations suggests further that several minor-effect genes are involved.Following selection of the most resistant plants in F₂, a marked shift towards resistance was noted in F₃, which demonstrates a positive response to selection. In some instances, additive resistance selected for (in F₂) at the high temperature-profile was expressed (in F₃) also at the low temperature-profile. This kind of resistance, when utilized in breeding programmes, promises therefore to be effective over a range of temperatures.