Infection routes of Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout monitored in vivo by real‐time bioluminescence imaging

Recent development of imaging tools has facilitated studies of pathogen infections in vivo in real time. This trend can be exemplified by advances in bioluminescence imaging (BLI), an approach that helps to visualize dissemination of pathogens within the same animal over several time points. Here, we employ bacterial BLI for examining routes of entry and spread of Aeromonas salmonicida susbp. salmonicida in rainbow trout. A virulent Danish A. salmonicida strain was tagged with pAKgfplux1, a dual‐labelled plasmid vector containing the mutated gfpmut3a gene from Aequorea victoria and the luxCDABE genes from the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The resulting A. salmonicida transformant exhibited growth properties and virulence identical to the wild‐type A. salmonicida, which made it suitable for an experimental infection, mimicking natural conditions. Fish were infected with pAKgfplux1 tagged A. salmonicida via immersion bath. Colonization and subsequent tissue dissemination was followed over a 24‐h period using the IVIS spectrum imaging workstation. Results suggest the pathogen's colonization sites are the dorsal and pectoral fin and the gills, followed by a progression through the internal organs and an ensuing exit via the anal opening. This study provides a tool for visualizing colonization of A. salmonicida and other bacterial pathogens in fish.     

绿针假单胞菌PL9菌株对烟草疫霉的拮抗作用研究

利用离体拮抗试验和烟草幼苗生物测定法研究了棉花根圈细菌绿针假单胞菌（Pseudomonas choloraphis)PL9菌株对烟草黑胫病原菌烟草疫霉（Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)的拮抗作用，该菌株对烟草疫霉菌丝体有很强的抑制作用，并且可以完全抑制烟草疫霉游动孢子对烟草幼苗的侵染，其液体培养物浓缩过滤液也有相同的报制作用，拮抗作用机理研究结果表明，其拮抗作用可能与PL9菌株分泌的抗生素类物质有关。为了解PL9菌株在烟草根圈的定殖情况，采用全套发光酶基因（luxCDABE)标记的菌株PL9L进行跟 踪，结果表明该菌株可以在烟草根圈成功定殖。