Distribution and ontogeny of gastrin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus of developing chick, Gallus gallus domestica

The ontogeny and distribution of gastrin- and serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) cell in the proventriculus of chicks (Gallus gallus domestica, n = 60) in different growth periods was examined immunohistochemically using antisera specific to gastrin and serotonin. Gastrin and serotonin-IR cells were detected in chick proventriculus. Gastrin-IR cells were first evident after 12 days of incubation in lamina epithelialis and compound glands, while serotonin-IR cells were observed only in compound glands at that same time. Gastrin-IR and serotonin-IR cells increased in frequency on incubation day 14 and 16, respectively. Towards the end of incubation, gastrin- and serotonin-IR cell numbers decreased. In adult chicken, both IR cells were present but not lower numbers. The observations demonstrate the presence of gastrin- and serotonin-IR cells in the proventriculus of developing chicks in temporally changing frequencies.     

皱胃内灌注挥发性脂肪酸盐对山羊血清胃泌素水平的影响

用３种挥发性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）盐溶液灌注皱胃，观察其对山羊血清胃泌素水平的影响。结果表明：１）向皱胃内灌注乙酸钠、丙酸钠和丁酸钠３种ＶＦＡ盐溶液后，皱胄液ｐＨ值升高，灌注前ｐＨ值为２．６２～２．９０，灌注后４５～６０ｍｉｎｐＨ值为４．６４～５．１８，灌注前后差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２）向皱胃内灌注同样３种盐溶液后，血清胃泌素水平显著升高，灌注前分别为（１６０±２４．７１）ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１），（１８８±４６．６７）ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）和（１８１±５８．２７）ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）；灌注开始后４５～６０ｍｉｎ分别为（１８０±４６．６７）ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１），（２１９±５３．３３）ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）和（２０７．７５±６２．４１）ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）；灌注前后差异显著。说明瘤胃内容物中的挥发性脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）进入皱胃后，在改变皱胃内容物ｐＨ值的同时，刺激皱胃窦部，引起血清胃泌素释放增加。     

高剂量铜对仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

108头体重为(15.8±1.34)kg杜长大仔猪按饲养试验要求分为2组,分别饲喂添加5mg/kg和250mg/kg的铜(CuSO4)的相同饲粮。试验预试7天,正试48天。饲养试验结束后,颈静脉采血制作血清,测定血清SUN等血清常规指标和GH、Gastrin等血清激素水平。试验结果表明:添加高铜使仔猪平均日增重提高13.04%(P<0.01),平均日采食量提高9.9%(P<0.01)。血清中GH、Gastrin浓度分别提高28.32%(P<0.01)、29.25%(P<0.01),皮质醇浓度降低了8.71%(P=0.14),IGF-1浓度有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。血清尿素N(SUN)浓度降低9.67%(P<0.05)。     

Quantitative relationships between suckling-induced teat stimulation and the release of prolactin,gastrin, somatostatin,insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in sows

The pituitary hormones prolactin and oxytocin play important roles in the production and ejection of milk. In addition, some gastrointestinal peptides are released in response to suckling. During suckling, the piglets massage the udder of the sow both before and after let-down and the duration of suckling is correlated to the amount of milk produced by the sow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a quantitative relation between the release of prolactin, gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the amount of stimulation of the sow's teats by the piglets.Repeated blood samples were drawn from three Swedish Landrace sows during three consecutive nursings by each sow on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after parturition. The duration of massage by the piglets was noted, as was the number of piglets massaging. Hormone levels were quantified by radioimmunoassay.The releases of prolactin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon and VIP but not of gastrin were found to be significantly related to the amount of teat massage performed by the piglets during the first 2 weeks of lactation. The release was related to the duration of piglet massage or to the combined effect of duration and the number of piglets massaging but not to the number of piglets massaging per se. The basal level of prolactin was found to decrease during this time.     

睾酮对水牛血清胃泌素水平的影响

选用３头雄性中国海仔水牛,观察了去势及去势后注射睾酮对血清胃泌素水平的影响。结果去势后血清胃泌素水平明显下降（５０１．００±３７．２０ｖｓ,４３３．６±１０３．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０５）,去势后水牛注射睾酮（２００μｇ／ｋｇＢＷ·ｄ,持续１２ｄ）血清胃泌素水平明显上升（４０８．１±６４．５ｖｓ,５１９．８±３４．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ,ｐ＜０．０５）。表明睾酮影响反刍动物胃泌素分泌。     

高铜日粮对生长猪胃底腺Ghrelin分泌的影响

选用军牧1号断乳仔猪45头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,采用完全随机化设计进行生长试验,研究了不同来源(硫酸铜和蛋氨酸铜)和不同添加水平(5、125 mg/kg)的高铜日粮对猪胃底腺Ghrelin分泌的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加125 mg/kg硫酸铜和125 mg/kg蛋氨酸铜组平均日增重、绝对增重、平均采食量均显著提高(P<0.05),而不同铜源间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组胃底腺Ghrelin mRNA水平显著提高(P<0.05);血液胃泌素含量显著增加(P<0.01),并且Ghrelin mRNA水平与血液胃泌素含量呈显著正相关关系。提示高铜可促进生长猪胃底腺Ghrelin的分泌,胃泌素的分泌与胃底腺区Ghrelin的基因表达有关。     

高剂量铜对仔猪生长性能的影响及作用机理探讨

10 8头杜长大仔猪 [体重为 (15 8± 1 34)kg]按饲养试验要求分为 2组 ,分别饲喂添加 5mg/kg和 2 5 0mg/kg铜 (CuSO4形式 )的相同饲粮 ,研究高剂量铜对仔猪生长性能的影响及其机理探讨。试验结果表明 :添加高铜使仔猪平均日增重提高了 13 0 4 % (P <0 0 1) ,平均日采食量提高 9 91% (P <0 0 1) ;饲料粗脂肪的表观消化率提高了10 0 1% (P <0 0 5 ) ;高铜使十二指肠内容物中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性分别提高 15 6 6 % (P <0 0 5 )、12 5 3% (P <0 0 5 ) ,胰脏糜蛋白酶活性降低 11 6 9% (P <0 0 5 ) ;血清胃泌素浓度提高 2 9 2 5 % (P <0 0 1) ;血清SOD活性提高了 36 94 % (P <0 0 1)。     

皱胃和静脉内输注氨基酸对山羊血清胃泌素水平的影响

研究了皱胃和静脉内输注氨基酸对山羊血清胃泌素水平的影响。试验分为２个系列，系列Ｉ皱胃内输注，结果为输注的８种Ｌ型氨基酸及混合氨基酸与生理盐水相比，其中只有苯丙氨差异脯氨酸引起山羊血清胃泌素水平显升高，其输注前水平分别为（＊１３８．４８±１５．０１）ｎｇ．Ｌ＾－１和（９７．１３±２０．９８）ｎｇ．Ｌ＾－１，输注后水平分别为（１８６．７９±７．４８）ｎｇ．Ｌ＾－１（１２８．０５±１７．００）ｎｇ．Ｌ     

真胃左方变位对瘤胃VFAs及血清胃泌素的影响亮

为了研究真胃左方变位对奶牛的影响,将9只健康山羊随机分为3组,利用手术的方法制作真胃左方变位动物模型。采用气相色谱法测定瘤胃内容物挥发性脂肪酸(VFA s)含量,用放射免疫法测定血清胃泌素含量。结果表明:真胃变位可导致瘤胃内容物乙酸/丙酸的比率升高,变位越严重,其比率越高。随真胃变位时间的延长,血清胃泌素的含量逐渐增加,变位7 d后出现显著增加;胃泌素含量的增幅与真胃变位的程度有关,髋关节水平线处变位高于腹底部变位,真胃变位高于空白对照山羊。