and laminin on adhesion and proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell

AIM:To explore the effects of PMA(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, a tumor promoter, mimicking the action of diacylglycerol on PKC)and laminin on the adhesion and the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and provide a new clue to liver cancer treatment.METHODS:Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(BEL-7402)was used to identify the endogenous laminin and protein kinase C-α(PKC-α) expression, and the effects of laminin and PMA on the adhesion and the proliferation were also investigatedin vitro.RESULTS:By the effect of exogenous laminin, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (BEL-7402) possessed endogenous laminin expression and increased the adhesion and the proliferation, which was showed the synergistic action by the effect of PMA in combination. By the action of PMA alone, the proliferation and the PKC-α expression increased by exogenous laminin were decreased, and the adhesion and the endogenous laminin expression were increased.CONCLUSIONS:The finding suggested that the adhesion and the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell were closely related to the effects of endogenous or exogenous laminin, which were associated with cPKC-α activity. Therefore, the application of anti-laminin antibody in combination with PKC antagonist might be a new clue to find out the therapy for liver cancer.     

Mixed acylation of Scots pine sawdust and impact on hydrophobicity

Abstract

Acetic–fatty esters of Scots pine sawdust (SPS) were obtained by reaction of SPS with mixtures containing acetic–fatty anhydrides and no solvent or catalyst. Such mixtures were synthesized by reaction between a carboxylic acid and acetic anhydride. The global reaction of acetic anhydride and a fatty acid yields at equilibrium a mixture of five compounds: acetic–fatty anhydride, acetic anhydride, fatty acid, acetic acid and fatty anhydride. The influence of temperature, molar ratio, reaction time and length of the fatty chain on the esterification and on the ratio of grafted acetyl/fatty acyl was investigated. Static contact angles (CAs) with water were measured over 5 min. CA values were dependent on the fatty acyl content and independent of the acetyl content. The minimum ester content of the oleoyl group required to obtain permanent water repellency was 25 mmol kg^?1. Water vapour adsorption measurements indicated that in contrast to water repellency, hydrophobicity to water vapour was correlated with the total mass acyl content.     

Analysis of flowering,stigmas yield and qualitative traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as affected by environmental conditions

Saffron is well known for its use as a condiment spice, as a dye and traditional medicine. Saffron is experiencing an increasing interest mainly due to its peculiar and manifold properties of the metabolic pool of its stigmas, mainly crocetin esters and picrocrocin. This species is cultivated in environments with very different climatic conditions and with very different corm rates from place to place, passed down over the centuries. The aim of this study was therefore the evaluation of the influence of rainfall, temperature and corm density on flower phenology, stigmas yield and main compositional characteristics of two saffron corms provenience. Flowering beginning in saffron seems to be influenced by the combination of temperature and soil moisture, whilst its flowering calendar proves independent of corm provenance, environment and plant density. On the contrary, the studied factors exert a strong effect on both total stigmas yield and qualitative characteristics: colder environment resulted in a higher flower production, but lower quality of stigmas. Flower number was positively correlated with the stigmas yield, but negatively with its unitary weight. The content of crocetin esters and picrocrocin has been evaluated according to the spectrophotometric ISO normative, which ranked the samples into three qualitative decreasing categories (I–III). The spectrophotometric data showed positive correlation with the unitary stigmas weight and negative with stigmas production.     

叶黄素酯和叶黄素稳定性的研究

研究光、热、酸、碱、金属离子、氧化剂和还原剂对叶黄素酯和叶黄素稳定性的影响。结果表明,光对叶黄素酯和叶黄素的稳定性影响很大,日光照射0.5h,二者的保存率仅为0.35%,而放置在暗处保存率基本不变;叶黄素酯和叶黄素对热较稳定,但随着温度的升高和加热时间的延长,保存率下降,降解速度加快;在相同的光、热条件下,叶黄素酯的稳定性优于叶黄素,叶黄素以与脂肪酸结合的形式存在,稳定性更强;强酸性条件对叶黄素酯和叶黄素有一定的破坏作用,而其在中性、碱性条件下较稳定;Fe3 、Fe2 、Cu2 对它们的破坏作用较强,保存率下降较多,而Zn2 、Mg2 、Ca2 、K 、Na 对它们基本无影响;氧化剂H2O2对其有轻微的破坏作用;还原剂Na2SO3对叶黄素酯和叶黄素影响不大,VC可以使它们降解,与VC共存叶黄素酯的降解程度比叶黄素大。     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

A comparison of retinol, retinal and retinyl ester concentrations in larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) fed Artemia or zooplankton

Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) larvae were fed enriched Artemia or zooplankton in duplicate tanks from 0 to 60 days after first‐feeding. Both diets and the larvae were analysed for vitamin A (VA) in order to confirm earlier findings, in which Artemia fed larvae had lower levels of VA compared with larvae fed zooplankton. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the composition of the retinoids in the larvae. The results showed that Artemia and zooplankton contains low levels of VA, probably too low to sustain the assumed requirement. Nevertheless, larvae fed Artemia had the same level of retinal and retinol as larvae fed zooplankton. We found a significant lower level of retinyl esters in larvae fed Artemia. The total VA level was lower in larvae fed Artemia only at the end of the feeding trial after the onset of metamorphosis. Our conclusion is that feeding Artemia to Atlantic halibut larvae is not likely to cause VA deficiency.     

地膜中酞酸酯类化合物对土壤-玉米体系污染的试验研究

[目的]探讨地膜中酞酸酯类化合物对土壤-玉米体系的污染.[方法]通过盆栽试验,研究了玉米各生育时期不同地膜残留量处理中,土壤和植株中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基已基）酯（DEHP）含量的差异性.[结果]玉米不同发育阶段,高倍地膜残留量处理土壤和植株中DBP和DEHP含量高于低倍残留量处理.各处理土壤中DBP最低含量为0.063 mg/kg,最高含量为0.298 mg/kg;DEHP最低含量为0.251 mg/kg,最高含量为4.770 mg/kg.各处理植株体内DBP最低含量为0.123 mg/kg,最高含量为0.546 mg/kg;植株体内均未检测出DEHP.[结论]该研究为农业生产过程中酞酸酯类化合物污染的环境管理提供了理论依据.     

添加营养素提高苹果酒总酯含量优化试验

对添加营养素提高苹果酒中的酯类物质含量进行了初步研究。通过Plackett-Burman试验从氨基酸类、生长因子类和维生素类营养素中筛选出对苹果酒总酯质量浓度影响显著的因素为亮氨酸、谷氨酰胺、吡哆醇和氯化锌。利用最陡爬坡试验得到4个因素的中心点分别为:亮氨酸35 mg/L、谷氨酰胺90 mg/L、吡哆醇0.3 mg/L和氯化锌1.25 mg/L。利用二次旋转中心组合试验对4个因素进行了优化,得到最佳营养素组合为:亮氨酸34.8 mg/L、谷氨酰胺84 mg/L、吡哆醇0.24 mg/L和氯化锌1.30 mg/L,在此最优条件下苹果酒的总酯质量浓度可达到5.29 mg/L。     

A modified method based on p-nitrophenol assay to quantify hydrolysis activities of lipases in litters

Lipases are glycerol ester hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.3) produced by a wide range of microorganisms. They catalyse the hydrolysis of different esters depending on the water content of the reaction medium. Here, we developed a simple methodology to quantify lipase hydrolysis activities using two different litters: a litter of Quercus pubescens (QP) and a litter of both Q. pubescens and Q. ilex. Different p-nitrophenyl esters were used to test hydrolysis in a reaction medium with an organic solvent (heptane). We showed that these activities depended on the amount of litter, the incubation time and the substrate concentration and that they increased with temperature. Furthermore, the lipases from the studied litters were still active after 2 h at 70 °C. These activities showed common properties of lipases: the highest activities were obtained with a medium-acyl chain substrate, p-nitrophenyl laurate. Moreover abiotic hydrolysis with short-chain acyl substrates was observable. The following parameters are recommended to quantify hydrolysis activities of lipases in litters: 10 mM of p-nitrophenyl laurate in 2 ml of heptane, 1 g of litter, 2 ml of water incubated at 30 °C for 2 h.     

菜心对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收途径的初步研究

采用玻璃室处理和污染土壤覆盖原土壤来控制PAEs来源进行盆栽试验，应用GC/MS联机检测技术初步研究了菜心对PAEs的吸收途径。结果表明：污染土壤处理与污染土壤上覆盖原土壤处理相比，前者菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的含量均高于后者，但相差不大，表明菜心茎叶可以吸收污染土壤中挥发出来的DBP和DEHP，而根系吸收运移是菜心茎叶中DBP和DEHP的主要来源途径。玻璃室处理增加了菜心茎叶和根系中DBP的含量，而对DEHP的影响趋势不明显。DBP与DEHP相比，前者更易被菜心根系吸收并向地上部(茎叶)运移，后者主要滞留在根部。