温度对住宅区气体污染物扩散的影响

温度在气体污染物扩散的过程中起一定的作用。在现实生活中,由于日晒和地表辐射的存在,使得地面、建筑物外表面都与空气存在一定的温差。温差的存在会改变地表及壁面附近的流场,从而对住宅区污染物的扩散产生影响。利用理论推导对热力因素及扩散因素的关系进行了研究,并且与数值模拟的试验结果进行比较。结果发现理论推导与试验结果整体趋势相一致。这表明在与无温差情况相比较,温差存在时,地表及壁面附近流场更加紊乱;温差与气体污染物的扩散具有正相关性,对住宅区污染物的稀释起积极作用。     

微灌毛管水力学研究——微灌水力设计计算方法探讨之一

本文不采用缝隙管的假定,提出毛管水头线的多段折线模型;在此基础上,定义了降比r和压比G,根据r的大小,讨论了均匀坡毛管压力水头的分布;讨论了总水头损失计算方法;导出诸水力特征量的计算公式。     

一种由混合油粘度求混合油比例的新方法

系统研究了鲁宁管道所输胜利油，进口油按不同比例，不同温度混合时的粘度，提出了根据混合油粘度求混合油比例的一种新方法，该方法的原理是首先测量不同比例，不同温度混合原油粘度，回归混合原油比例与混合原油粘度，温度的关系式，利用回归公式对混合油比例进行计算，为管道安全运行提供科学依据。     

近红外光谱分析法测定菜籽油中芥酸的含量

采用多通道PDA型近红外光谱仪，应用偏最小二乘法建立了菜籽油中芥酸含量与近红外透射光谱的校正模型，讨论多项式求导及平滑的窗口宽度和相关系数法筛选有效波长对校正模型的影响，并对10个预测集样品利用预测相关系数R_p和预测均方根误差RMSEP指标进行了预测精度分析，结果发现：在使用全谱数据进行偏最小二乘回归建模时，一阶7点求导及平滑的预处理方法结果最佳，此时建模效果为：R_p=0.739，RMSEP=1.659；在此基础上通过相关系数法筛选波长后的建模效果为：R_p=0.958，RMSEP=0.963。后者R_p提高29%，RMSEP减少42%。由此可得出多项式求导及平滑法和相关系数法相结合对校正模型稳健性，预测精度都有较大提高的结论。研究证明：多通道近红外光谱仪快速测测菜籽油中芥酸含量的方法是可行的。     

柱前衍生RP-HPLC法测定犀牛角中氨基酸的含量

[目的]建立柱前衍生法测定犀牛角中氨基酸含量的方法。[方法]犀牛角以酸水解法制备水解氨基酸样品溶液,采用柱前衍生-液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)法测定氨基酸含量。色谱条件为:色谱柱为Waters Nova-Pak C18柱(150 mm×3.9 mm,5μm),以乙腈-缓冲盐为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min,紫外检测器检测波长为248 nm,柱温为37℃。[结果]17种氨基酸在0.003 4～0.191mg/ml范围内有良好的线性关系(r0.999 4),平均回收率(n=6)为97.8%。[结论]犀牛角中含有大量的氨基酸,其总氨基酸含量高达41.3%。该方法对研究犀牛角的药用价值与寻找犀牛角药用替代物有积极意义。     

气相色谱法测定沼液中的游离蛋白氨基酸

采用柱前衍生气相色谱法测定了7种沼液中的游离蛋白氨基酸。结果表明 ,沼液中含有多种游离蛋白氨基酸 ,且含有多种人体必需氨基酸。该测试方法简便、低耗 ,重现性较好     

林木胸径与材积的关系--Logistic衍生模型

基于著名的Logistic模型，以时间因子作媒介，推导出一个能较准确描述林木D-V关系的一元材积模型——Logistic衍生模型。这是一个既有理论依据。又有实用价值的新模型。实践证明，Logistic衍生模型具有较强的数据拟合能力和广泛的适用性，除林木D-V关系外，尚可用于林木D-H关系等项研究，具有理论和应用上的双重意义。     

Conformity and genetic relatedness estimation in crop species having a narrow genetic base: the case of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)*

A set of 155 SSR (107) and SCAR (48) markers were used to evaluate 53 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions of diverse origin to characterize genetic relationships and to define a standard marker array that was most effective in detecting genetic differences in this germplasm array. A multivariate marker‐based analysis of diverse germplasm using this standard marker array (17 SSR and 5 SCAR markers) was compared with results from a set of 70 previously reported RAPD markers, and then used to explore the potential value of these genetic markers for plant variety protection (PVP) and the establishment of essential derivation (ED) threshold values in this species using elite lines and hybrids and backcross progeny. Diversity analysis allowed identification of distinctly different lines that were used for the construction of three sets of backcross families (BC₁‐BC₃). While general genetic relationships among accessions were similar in SSR/SCAR analyses (r_s= 0.65) using two genetic distance (GD) estimators, differences in accession relationships were detected between RAPD and SSR/SCAR marker evaluations regardless of the estimator used. The GDs among elite germplasm with known pedigrees were relatively small (0.06‐0.23 for any pairwise comparison). GD values decreased and degree of fixation (at three to seven loci depending on the mating) increased with increased backcrossing such that recurrent parent allelic fixation occurred in least one family of each of the BC₃ families. In many instances the degree of fixation of loci was not uniformly achieved in the BC₃. Although the level of genetic polymorphisms will likely restrict the use of molecular markers for PVP and the establishment of ED values, the use of single nucleotide differences will likely provide opportunities to define specific functional distances that have potential for PVP in cucumber. Nevertheless, without an expanded, genetically robust standard marker array (e.g. 50 codominant markers), ED threshold values will be difficult to define in this species, and perhaps will require the appraisal of single nucleotide polymorphisms as discriminators of difference in this species.     

形式三角矩阵环的广义导子

利用代数方法,得到了形式三角矩阵环Tri(A,M,B)的广义导子可以由环A,B的广义导子和(A,B)-双模M的广义拟线性映射表示的结论,同时由此结论推得形式三角矩阵环Tri(A,M,B)的导子的结构.     

平地情况下允许压力差最优分配比的探讨

本文研究了田间管网优化设计中支、毛管允许压力偏差水头分配的问题。在平地上布置微灌系统时,得出了支、毛管的最优分配比不是一个定值,而是随支管上毛管的根数和支、毛管长度的变化而变化,改进了美国J·凯勒和D·喀麦林提出的只给一个固定常数的方法,对节约管网投资有一定的实际意义。