Comprehensive transcriptional profiling and functional study of lymphangiogenic growth factor in placentome of early-stage pregnant water buffalo

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and localization of lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-D), their receptor (VEGFR3) and lymphatic endothelial marker (LYVE1) in buffalo placenta during early pregnancy [EP], and to investigate the functional role of lymphangiogenic growth factors in placental lymphangiogenesis. The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, their receptor VEGFR3 and LYVE1 showed significant expression in EP1 (29–42 days) and EP2 stages (51–82 days) both in caruncle (maternal part) and cotyledon (foetal part) of the buffalo placenta. Immunoreactivity of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and LYVE1 was observed around the endometrial gland, in lymphatics and trophoblast cells, whereas VEGFR3 mainly localized in lymphatics of the caruncle and cotyledons. Cultured trophoblast cells were treated with VEGF-C/VEGF-D (50, 100 and 150 ng/ml) and combined doses of VEGF-C and VEGF-D (150 ng/ml) each for different time durations (24, 48 and 72 h). The mRNA expression of LYVE1 and PCNA was significantly (p < .001) upregulated with VEGF-C and VEGF-D and combined treatment (@150 ng/ml), as well as significantly downregulating Caspase-3 at 48 and 72 h. Thus, the present study provides evidence that lymphangiogenic factors are expressed in buffalo placental compartments and they may play a significant role in the regulation of placental function in water buffaloes.     

Discovery of a new gene causing dark green cotyledons and pathway of pigment synthesis in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

A new gene is reported which functions as a master gene for synthesis of the pigments determining cotyledon colour in lentil. This gene is different from the two earlier reported genes which are responsible for synthesis of yellow (gene Y) and brown (gene B) pigments. Double recessive homozygous condition of these two genes results into loss of both pigments and, consequently, produces light green cotyledons. The new gene, in contrast, produces dark green cotyledons in recessive condition irrespective of the dominance or recessive state of the Y and B genes. It is hypothesized that the new gene for dark green cotyledon colour (Dg) acts at an earlier stage in the biosynthesis of the two cotyledon-specific pigments, which are derived from a common precursor, whose synthesis is blocked when Dg mutates to its recessive condition. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Role of Testa, Cotyledons and Embryonic Axis in Seed Dormancy of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Experiments were carried out during winter–summer (January–June) season to understand the role of seed testa, cotyledons and embryonic axis in imparting dormancy of some groundnut cultivars belonging to different habit groups. Crop was harvested at four maturity stages; 90, 100, 110 and 121 days after emergence (DAE). After drying the pods in shade for 2 days, the germination of seeds with (GST) and without (GSW) testa in rolled germination towels and seeds, and embryonic axes (GEM) in culture media from individual plants of a cultivar was studied. Seed testa played an important role in imparting dormancy followed by the cotyledons, and embryonic axis. However, the nature of dormancy of embryonic axis appeared to be different from that of the testa and cotyledons. Results suggested that the dormancy in groundnut is regulated mainly by testa (a maternal tissue) in the Spanish type, but by cotyledons, and embryonic axis (both zygotic tissue) as well as testa in Virginia types. Thus the genetic control of seed dormancy in groundnut appears to be quantitative in nature.     

大豆未成熟种子子叶节不定芽再生的初步研究

以冀豆12和中黄13的未成熟种子子叶节为外植体,研究了6BA浓度、取材时间和种子发育程度对大豆未成熟种子子叶节不定芽诱导的影响.结果表明:冀豆12最佳取材时间为开花后60～66 d,最佳6-BA浓度为1.0～1.5 mg·L-1,出芽率达96.67%～100%.中黄13最佳取材时间为开花后49～65 d,6-BA浓度为...     

剩余污泥腐植酸的提取和对作物幼苗建成的影响

为解决IHSS （国际腐植酸协会）推荐法提取剩余污泥腐植酸参数不明确和剩余污泥腐植酸提取研究中缺乏其毒性效应评价等问题,利用响应曲面法得到剩余污泥腐植酸提取的最佳条件,并分析了腐植酸理化特性及其对作物幼苗建成的影响。结果表明,腐植酸提取的最佳条件：碱浓度为0.19 mol·L^-1,碱泥比（mL∶g）为11.6,振荡时间为3.8 h,提取量为96.1 mg·g^-1。相较于推荐法的腐植酸提取量增加了118%。提取所得腐植酸的元素分析显示,O/C为0.84,H/C为0.14,C/N为4.43;傅里叶变换红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,剩余污泥腐植酸存在羧基、醇羟基和酚羟基等含氧官能团,重均分子量为8 856 Da。此外,在500 mg·L^-1施用条件下,该腐植酸对大白菜和萝卜种子发芽率和子叶光合色素含量均无显著影响,而对大白菜种子胚根伸长具有显著促进作用。综上,通过优化提取条件可显著提高腐植酸提取量,剩余污泥腐植酸腐殖化程度与芳香化程度均较高,分子量较小,生物活性较强,且低浓度下对作物早期生长无不良影响。     

不同激素配比对大豆子叶愈伤组织诱导的影响

[目的]研究不同激素配比对大豆子叶形成愈伤组织的影响。[方法]以高蛋白大豆东农42号子叶为供试外植体,以6-BA2.0mg/L＋NAA0.2 mg/L和2,4-D2.0 mg/L＋KT1.0 mg/L的激素对其进行诱导,研究不同激素对大豆子叶愈伤组织的诱导效果。[结果]以添加6-BA2.0 mg/L＋NAA0.2 mg/L培养基培养的材料诱导率为71.4%;以添加2,4-D2.0 mg/L＋KT1.0 mg/L培养基培养的材料诱导率为78.6%,诱导产生的愈伤组织大部分呈绿色、质密;未添加激素组诱导率为85.7%,但无生长迹象。所加激素均能诱导大豆子叶形成愈伤组织,但不同激素种类诱导愈伤组织能力有差异,以添加2,4-D2.0 mg/L＋KT1.0 mg/L的效果最好。[结论]不同种类的外源激素对外植体的诱导作用不同,大豆子叶愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋2,4-D2.0 mg/L＋KT1.0 mg/L。     

抗生素对根癌农杆菌抑制作用及对大豆子叶节再生的影响分析

以周豆12大豆子叶节为材料,研究了头孢呋辛钠、头孢曲松钠、头孢噻肟钠和头孢唑林钠4种抑菌抗生素对农杆菌的抑制作用和对大豆子叶节再生的影响,以及卡那霉素对大豆子叶节再生的影响。结果表明:随着卡那霉素浓度的增加,子叶节分化率逐渐降低,当浓度达到45 mg/L时,分化芽的生长几乎完全受到抑制,植株出现白化现象;4种抑菌抗生素中,头孢曲松钠对农杆菌的抑制作用最好,头孢呋辛钠和噻肟钠抑菌效果次之,结合抑菌抗生素对子叶节再生的影响作用,确定在大豆子叶节的遗传转化中,使用头孢曲松钠或头孢噻肟钠作为抑菌抗生素,临界浓度分别为200 mg/L和300 mg/L。而卡那霉素使用的临界浓度为45 mg/L。     

枣子叶再生植株研究

以枣树‘雄性不育3号’未成熟胚的子叶为材料,建立了枣子叶再生植株体系。子叶愈伤诱导培养基为MS+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂3.3 g/L,愈伤诱导率达到40%。从愈伤组织诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂3.3 g/L+TDZ 1.5 mg/L,不定芽发生率为88.9%,不定芽数量与愈伤数量之比为3.5。生根培养基为MS+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂3.0 g/L+IBA 1.0 mg/L,生根率达到33.3%。此外,培养温度显著影响玻璃化苗的生长。在24℃条件下培养30 d,仅有9.7%的玻璃化苗向正常植株转化,而在20℃培养条件下的玻璃化率仅为6.7%。附加30~80 g/L蔗糖的不同培养基上,玻璃化苗向正常苗转化情况无显著差异。     

花生不同外植体芽诱导制约因素研究

以花生品种远杂9102成熟种胚发芽12d、4d的幼叶为外植体,对花生幼叶不定芽诱导制约因素进行了研究,结果表明,采用较高浓度的6-BA（8mg/L）、较低浓度的NAA（1mg/L）,不定芽诱导率可达70%以上。最佳诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA8mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L 最佳继代培养基为MS＋6-BA5mg/L＋NAA2mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L。同时试验发现种子预培养4d的幼叶不定芽诱导率较预培养12d的高 花生幼叶近叶柄基部切口处不定芽诱导率较高,是较理想的不定芽诱导部位。以远杂9102预培养2d的子叶作外植体,对愈伤组织诱导及分化进行试验,确定MS＋6-BA4.5mg/L＋2,4-D2.2mg/L为诱导愈伤的最佳培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达79.8%,最佳分化培养基为MS＋KT（0.15mg/L）。     

不同菜用大豆品种的胚胎发生与再生

以8个菜用大豆品种的未成熟子叶为外植体,在MS(附加高浓度2,4-D)培养基诱导愈伤组织形成、体细胞胚胎发生与再生植株.结果表明:八个菜用大豆品种的未成熟子叶均可诱导产生愈伤组织与体细胞胚胎发生,出愈率为14.71%～100%.体细胞胚胎发生率变化在0～36.76%之间,绿子叶菜用大豆没有形成体细胞胚.体细胞胚可正常萌发产生小植株,移栽成活结实.菜用大豆的出愈率和体细胞胚胎发生率与基因型有关.