Values of Forestry Professionals and their Implications for the Applicability of Policy Instruments

In the last few years, the European countries have created a whole arsenal of regulatory, financial and informational instruments with the objective of enhancing sustainable forest management (SFM). In the course of this policy development effort, so far, the targets of governance have been more or less neglected. This article argues that a forest manager's values have a major influence on the perception of and the reaction to different types of public policy instruments. The results of a mail survey carried out among Austrian forestry professionals show that the persons in charge of putting SFM into practical action can be characterized by specific value patterns. By means of cluster analysis, forestry professionals were classified into six value types. Each of the six types identified is expected to respond to policy instruments in a specific way. Based on these findings, I finally discuss if and how policy instruments can be designed and implemented in a more target-group oriented way.     

社学会视角下高校辅导员“廉洁从教”应然性探析

作为人类灵魂工程师的教师，其职业特殊性决定其更强的社会期望性，决定其应该坚守大义、廉洁自律、公正从教。而高校辅导员与生俱来的政治特性、教师干部双重身份以及“德高为师”的工作特征，决定其应该成为教师行业廉洁从教的标兵。在社会学视角下，运用角色、群体等社会学理论，从个人、群体、社会三维度探析高校辅导员廉洁从教的应然性发现：廉洁从教既是辅导员个体发展的道德内化，又是辅导员职业群体的行业要求，还是社会对辅导员的道德共识。而实现高校辅导员“廉洁从教”主客观相统一、内外部相和谐，关键在于制度约束、道德宣扬、文化建设、社会监督、政策激励等多方并举。     

互动发展:新农村建设中的经济生产方式转型与文化变迁研究

基于社会学的视角,在调查的基础上通过对生产方式及乡村文化内涵的分析,指出经济生产方式的有效转型、乡村文化建设以及二者的良性互动是少数民族地区进行新农村建设的有效途径,进而提出了相应的建设性建议.     

Ideology and discourse: Characterizations of the 1996 Farm Bill by agricultural interest groups

The relationship betweendiscourse and ideology can be described as thatof process and effect [Purvis and Hunt (1993)British Journal of Sociology 44: 473–499].Discourse, used within relations of domination,can result in the formation of ideology. Tostudy this relationship systematically requiresa methodology that contextualizes discoursewithin social relations and examines when suchdiscourse becomes an ideology. I use Thompson'stheory/methodology of ``depth hermeneutics' tostudy documents produced by agriculturalinterest groups concerning the 1996 FederalAgriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Actand I assess the ideological status of thediscourses contained in these documents. Thefindings suggest that the organizationsrepresenting the small-to-medium-sized farmerstended to use more agrarian themes, fewermarket themes, and fewer linguistic strategiesindicative of ideology. The organizationsrepresenting more concentrated,vertically-integrated interests andagribusinesses use fewer agrarian themes, moremarket themes, and more linguistic strategies.Therefore, market themes, not agrarian themes,form an ideology in this context.     

环境治理背景下的水文化社会学探究

从社会学的角度阐述水文化社会学研究的基本主题,指出水环境治理中的水文化社会学分析基本思路:在不同的水文化层面,考察水文化和水环境治理结构间的关联;探究水文化和水环境治理结构间复杂的因果关系;建构水文化—结构—人行动的分析路径,将分析落脚于人的行动。探讨了水文化社会学研究的意义,旨在通过文化的介入,使民众参与水环境问题的讨论和水环境保护行动,更好地理解和解决水环境问题。     

探析马克思主义社会学的研究方法——读政治经济学批判导言有感

马克思主义社会学研究方法是以马克思主义哲学为指导的关于社会研和分析的方法。其中以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为一般方法。马克思虽然没有将他的方法论整理成章，但在他的著作中贯穿始终，是他的著作一大特点。在马克思的经济学著作《政治经济学批判》的导言中马克思主义的社会学研究方法有鲜明的体现。这一研究方法也对我国当前的农村社会发展有着重要指导意义。     

Indigenous Muscovy ducks in Congo-Brazzaville. 1. A survey of indigenous Muscovy duck management in households in Dolisie City

A cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire with open-ended questions and multiple-choice questions was used to collect data on the profile of duck keepers, husbandry practices, and performances, opportunities and constraints of Muscovy duck breeding in households (n = 88) in Dolisie city (Congo-Brazzaville). The study confirmed the common observations on traditional poultry keeping such as scavenging during the day and housing overnight. The flock size (7.7 ± 3 ducks per unit) showed no specialization of husbandry (100% of surveyed flocks were kept for simultaneous production of ducklings, meat and eggs) and a high drake-to-duck ratio (1:3). The hatchability was close to 80.5% ± 13%, whereas the average number of eggs was 13.2 ± 5 per clutch. In addition, a high mortality (80%) was observed in ducklings, which was due to poor feeding, lack of veterinary care and housing conditions. Eggs and live ducks were sold by duck farmers in response to the family needs rather than market price. The three most important findings were as follows: (1) duck keepers were mainly men (80% versus 20% of women); (2) there was no evidence of taboo; and (3) the duck as an exotic bird was not proscribed by cultural beliefs, and therefore development of the Muscovy duck in Congo Brazzaville should be unhindered.