原料乳嗜冷菌的分离筛选及高产脂肪酶嗜冷菌株的确定

[目的]为进一步开展嗜冷菌研究,促进乳品工业的发展提供理论依据。[方法]以生鲜乳为原料,采用6种不同配方的培养基对其中的嗜冷菌进行分离培养,筛选最佳培养基;分别测定各菌株的产脂肪酶活性,筛选出高产脂肪酶的菌株。[结果]改良LA培养基为分离嗜冷菌的最佳培养基;从40份原料乳样品中共分离筛选到30株嗜冷菌（25株杆菌,5株球菌;17株革兰氏阴性菌,13株革兰氏阳性菌）,其中高产脂肪酶的菌株有7株（4、6、9、12、15、16、17号菌株）。[结论]该研究从40份原料乳样品中共分离筛选出7株高产脂肪酶的菌株。     

Characterisation of cold-tolerant fungi from a decomposing High Arctic moss

Given that changes in the patterns of vegetation and size of carbon (C) pools in the Arctic are likely to be profound by the end of this century, it is necessary to characterise the identity and ecological groupings, in terms of temperature response and C substrate utilisation, of saprotrophic (decomposer) fungi in organic matter in Arctic soils. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to identify the fungi isolated from standing-dead material of Schistidium apocarpum, as an example of a High Arctic moss, (2) to determine mycelial extension rates of these fungi at a range of temperatures (4, 10 and 25 °C), and (3) to characterise the functional potential, defined by C substrate utilisation at 6 °C, of fungal taxa.Fungi were isolated at 4 °C from standing-dead material of S. apocarpum from an area of polar semi-desert (79 degrees N), close to Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in the High Arctic. From a collection of 662 isolates, 43 pure cultures were identified by DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. Phoma sclerotioides, previously known as a temperate snow mould, was isolated most frequently. The ecology of fifteen fungal isolates was characterised in detail. In terms of temperature response, two groups were apparent, one of truly psychrophilic/psychrotrophic fungi and one of more mesophilic fungi which were generally less frequently isolated. In terms of carbon substrate utilisation in semi-defined solid media, most fungi could utilise a variety of carbon substrates (degradation of casein, cellulose and starch was widespread), except for tannic acid (degraded by only two of the five P. sclerotioides isolates and Scytalidium lignicola) and lignin and chitin (not decomposed by any isolate). The majority of isolates had been recorded previously from polar environments and/or as being able to survive at low temperatures.Fungi in tundra ecosystems, therefore, have significant potential to mineralise C at temperatures below 10 °C. A better understanding of the ecology of these fungi will allow us to improve predictions of C dynamics in arctic biomes in the future.