不同规格穴盘育苗对茄苗及其栽培效益的影响

为完善茄子穴盘育苗技术,对比研究了不同规格穴盘育苗的茄苗素质及栽培效益。结果表明:32孔规格穴盘育苗比50孔茄苗素质明显提升;移栽单栋钢架大棚后,32孔穴盘育苗的茄子早熟性比50孔穴盘育苗平均提前5 d,总产量增加15.3%;667 m~2投入成本32孔穴盘育苗比50孔穴盘育苗增加75.3%(35.6元),而收益增加了2 427.9元。因此建议大棚茄子种植采用32孔规格穴盘进行育苗。     

穴盘育苗移栽机两指四针钳夹式取苗末端执行器

设计了一种穴盘育苗移栽机两指四针钳夹式夹钵取苗末端执行器。利用2根气缸机械手指伸出4根夹取针插入苗钵,气缸机械手指闭合夹取针捏紧苗钵来取苗,利用两根气缸机械手指撑开放松夹持苗钵,4根夹取针回缩脱离苗钵来放苗。根据穴盘苗自动取苗力学要求,进行了基于穴盘苗物理力学特性的夹取力设计。试制末端执行器,进行夹钵取苗效能测试。在40 mm/s提取速度下,各试验因素的夹钵脱盘力无显著性差异。取苗效能的正交试验分析发现,苗钵含水率水平高度显著影响根土破坏,入钵角度、深度以及根系等试验因素没有统计学显著性影响。当夹取针入钵角为11°,入钵深度为32 mm,苗数为4株,含水率为55%~60%时,所设计的取苗末端执行器对苗钵的夹取作用达到最小根土破坏程度。     

蚯蚓粪基质在茄子穴盘育苗中的应用

以蚯蚓粪为主要原料配合不同体积比的蛭石作为穴盘育苗基质,研究了复合基质对茄子种子出苗率及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,与草炭对比,蚯蚓粪具有容重较大,孔隙度和持水力较小,高P、K含量和低N含量等特性;2∶1(V∶V)蚯蚓粪复合基质育苗效果最佳,可增加茄子种子出苗率,提高幼苗质量,与对照相比,株高、茎粗、根体积、全株干重、壮苗指数分别增加了31.3%、20.7%、60.1%、80.3%、62.5%,差异达显著水平。     

Effects of ages of plug transplants and planting depths on the growth and yield of sweetpotato

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Beniazuma] plug transplants produced from single node leafy cuttings under artificial light in a closed-type growth chamber were planted with roots and substrate of 11- and 15-day old (ca. two to three unfolded leaves with 0.08 m shoot length and three to four unfolded leaves with 0.11 m shoot length, respectively). The plug transplants of both the 11- and 15-day old were planted with one and three nodes depth (ca. 4 and 25 mm deep, respectively) inside the soil ridges (called one- and three-node depth, respectively, hereafter). The conventional vine cuttings (ca. 0.3 m long with seven to eight unfolded leaves) without roots were planted as Control treatment to compare the growth and yield of sweetpotato with each of the treatments of plug transplant. The main objectives of the study were to see the effects of ages of plug transplants and depths of planting for greater growth and yield of sweetpotato in the field. The yield of storage roots 115 days after planting in the field was 33 t ha⁻¹ when using 15-day old plug transplants planted with three-node depth and was 10 t ha⁻¹ greater than that in the Control. The mean storage root length was about 259 mm when using 11-day old plug transplants planted with three-node depth and was 33 mm greater than that in the Control. The mean diameter of storage roots was 70 mm when using 11- and 15-day old plug transplants planted with one-node depth and was 21 mm greater than that in the Control. The plug transplants planted either 11- or 15-day old showed greater overall performances than those of the conventional cuttings. The plug transplants planted with three-node depth showed greater performances than did the plug transplants planted with one-node depth.     

黄瓜穴盘育苗低成本基质的筛选

试验筛选出一种成本低廉、效果良好的黄瓜穴盘育苗基质,该基质以麦秸、粘土和膨化鸡粪为原料,按麦秸:粘土:膨化鸡粪(4.8￣4.5:3.2￣3:2￣2.5)的比例(体积比)配制而成。用该基质进行黄瓜穴盘育苗,出苗整齐,幼苗生长健壮,幼苗根系与基质能结合成紧实的根坨,即能形成良好的塞子苗。与常用的穴盘育苗基质草炭蛭石相比,该穴盘育苗基质不但原料来源广,成本低廉,而且幼苗生长得更健壮,在育苗过程中不需追施肥料,适合在广大蔬菜生产地区推广。     

灌溉量对鸡毛菜生长和品质的影响

以鸡毛菜为材料,通过控制穴盘质量,研究不同灌水量(100%ET、90%ET、80%ET和70%ET)对鸡毛菜生长和生理的影响。试验结果表明,补充灌水量100%ET及90%ET处理下鸡毛菜地上部干鲜质量、株高、茎粗均最高;80%ET处理下鸡毛菜叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量最优,但该处理下鸡毛菜生物量显著低于100%ET和90%ET处理的;70%ET处理除鸡毛菜可溶性蛋白质外,生物量与品质均显著低于其他处理。但100%ET处理耗水量高于90%ET处理的,因此,综合鸡毛菜生物量、品质以及耗水量,在试验设计的范围内90%ET灌水量是最适合鸡毛菜生长的灌水处理。     

蚯蚓粪基质黄瓜、西瓜穴盘苗耐热性研究

为深入了解蚯蚓粪基质对瓜类蔬菜穴盘苗耐热性的影响,以常规草炭系基质为参比,测定了黄瓜、西瓜穴盘苗叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标。结果表明:蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗与对照穴盘苗在高温胁迫下叶片叶绿素含量均降低,蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗叶绿素a,b及总量仍显著高于对照(n=3,p<0.05)。蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗在高温胁迫下叶片SOD,CAT活性增强,与此相反,对照SOD,POD,CAT活性均减弱;高温胁迫下对照穴盘苗叶片电解质渗出率和MDA含量增加幅度较大,分别比蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗提高了4.47%~102.31%和33.69%~47.75%。说明蚯蚓粪基质黄瓜、西瓜穴盘苗具有较强的耐热性。     

不同规格穴盘对加工番茄幼苗生长的影响

以常规营养土育苗为对照,研究以菇渣与珍珠岩（7∶3）为基质,3种不同规格穴盘（50、72、128穴）对加工番茄出苗率及幼苗生长性状的影响。结果表明,以菇渣＋珍珠岩（7∶3）为基质,规格为50穴的穴盘能较好地满足加工番茄的出苗及幼苗生长。     

蔬菜机械化育苗的现状与展望

机械化育苗,美因称它为塞子苗生产。近年来这项农业栽培技术在世界上有了迅速发展,当前美国移栽蔬菜中大约70％采用塞子苗。机械化育苗主要设备是精量播种生产线,与传统的土方育苗和裸根育苗相比较,其优点是:省时、省工、成苗率高、作物长势整齐、便于机械化移栽等。北京花乡育苗场是我国第一座专门提供商品塞子苗的场家,其销售量逐年增多,1990年已达500多万株。我国农民习惯栽植大苗,尽管用户认为塞子苗偏小些,但由于这种育苗方式优点很多,农民愿意接受。     

不同浓度NaCl对矮牵牛穴盘苗生长发育的影响

[目的]研究NaCl对矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida Vilm)穴盘苗生长发育的影响,为我国大规模穴盘苗生产提供理论指导。[方法]NaCl浓度分别为0(CK)、0.25、0.50、1.00、1.25、1.50 g/L,测定矮牵牛地上、地下部鲜重等生长发育指标。[结果]低浓度NaCl有助于矮牵牛的养分吸收。其中,0.50、1.00 g/L NaCl处理的植株长势最好,并显著优于对照。虽然1.25、1.50 g/L NaCl处理植株生长也优于对照,但明显不如0.50、1.00 g/L NaCl处理。通过测定基质EC和基质中的养分含量发现,通常的穴盘苗基质具有对盐分的缓冲能力,基质EC受其影响不大,但对基质中的大量元素养分含量影响显著。[结论]一定低浓度盐分有助于穴盘苗的生长发育,符合要求的城市废水可直接用于园林幼苗培育。