A Review of Paclitaxel and Novel Formulations Including Those Suitable for Use in Dogs

Paclitaxel is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of activity against cancers in humans. In 1992, paclitaxel was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Taxol^® for use in advanced ovarian cancer. Two years later, it was approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Paclitaxel was originally isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia in 1971. Taxanes are a family of microtubule inhibitors. As a member of this family, paclitaxel suppresses spindle microtubule dynamics. This activity results in the blockage of the metaphase‐anaphase transitions, and ultimately in the inhibition of mitosis, and induction of apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cells. Additional anticancer activities of paclitaxel have been defined that are independent of these effects on the microtubules and may include the suppression of cell proliferation as well as antiangiogenic effects. Based on its targeting of a fundamental feature of the cancer phenotype, the mitotic complex, it is not surprising that paclitaxel has been found to be active in a wide variety of cancers in humans. This review summarizes the evidence in support of paclitaxel's broad anticancer activity and introduces the rationale for, and the progress in development of novel formulations of paclitaxel that may preferentially target cancers and that are not associated with the risks for hypersensitivity in dogs. Of note, a novel nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel that substantially limits hypersensitivity was recently given conditional approval by the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine for use in dogs with resectable and nonresectable squamous cell carcinoma and nonresectable stage III, IV and V mammary carcinoma.     

侧金盏属植物药学研究新进展（英文）

侧金盏属植物在我国分布较广,资源量较大,具强心苷等多种活性成分,临床主要用于治疗充血性心力衰竭等心脏病。目前对其他活性成分的药理和临床应用研究较不充分,在广泛文献检索基础上,对侧金盏属的种类、成分、药理、临床应用和禁忌等进行了综述,为进一步开发利用提供资料。     

《兽医药理学》实验教学改革初探

《兽医药理学》实验教学是《兽医药理学》教学过程中的重要组成部分,其教学效果直接影响该专业整体教学质量的高低。总结了《兽医药理学》实验教学改革过程中的几点经验。     

Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Pantoprazole in Alpacas

Background: Despite frequent clinical use, information about the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of pantoprazole in camelids is not available. Objectives: To examine the pharmacokinetics of both IV and SC pantoprazole and to determine whether pantoprazole administration would increase 3rd compartment pH in alpacas. Animals: Six healthy adult alpacas. Methods: Alpacas were fitted with a 3rd compartment cannula for measuring gastric pH. After recovery, alpacas received 1 mg/kg pantoprazole IV, q24h for 3 days or 2 mg/kg SC q24h for 3 days. Alpacas received both IV and SC pantoprazole, with a minimum of 3 weeks between treatments. Third compartment pH was recorded and plasma samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis. Results: Pantoprazole induced a slow but sustained increase in 3rd compartment pH when given by both the IV and SC routes. Third compartment pH was significantly increased as compared with baseline values (1.81 ± 0.7; mean ± SD) at 24 (2.47 ± 0.8), 48 (3.53 ± 1.0) and 72 hours (4.03 ± 1.3) after daily IV administration of pantoprazole. Third compartment pH increased from 1.73 ± 0.6 at baseline to 3.05 ± 1.1, 4.02 ± 1.4, and 3.61 ± 1.6 at 24, 48, and 72 hours after SC administration, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that pantoprazole had a short elimination half‐life (0.47 + 0.06 h) and a high clearance rate (12.2 ± 2.9 mL/kg/min) after both IV and SC administration. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Based on the results of this study, pantoprazole represents a safe and effective drug for increasing 3rd compartment pH in camelids. Either IV or SC administration is likely to be an effective treatment for gastric ulcers.     

南欧丹参的研究进展

南欧丹参所含化学成分主要是萜类 ,酚性芳香酸 ,黄酮等。其中一些成分在医药上具有抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤、影响神经系统等活性 ,在农用上具有很强的抑菌活性 ,且花的精油在香料领域具有很高的利用价值。本文就南欧丹参的生物学特性及地理分布 ,近年来国内外学者分离得到的化学成分及药理作用的研究作进一步综述 ,并对其作为抑菌植物的应用前景作了分析     

母草属药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对母草属植物的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用等方面作了概述,为今后深入开发利用该属药用资源提供基础资料。     

红茴香药学研究概况

通过查阅大量相关文献,就红茴香的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用及制剂等方面进行了综述。红茴香疗效确切,在临床上具广泛应用,研发前景广阔。但由于其在临床上存在着不良及中毒反应,必须进一步深入研究红茴香的化学成分及其相关的药理、毒理,同时要加强红茴香药材及其相关制剂的质量控制。     

狗哇花属药学研究概况

在广泛检索文献基础上,综述了狗哇花属的成分、药理及临床应用,为深入开发利用提供参考依据。     

腹水草属药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对中药腹水草属的资源、成分、药理、临床应用以及不良反应进行了概述,为深入开发利用提供资料。     

牡蒿药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对牡蒿的成分、药理及临床应用等进行了概述,为其深入开发利用提供科学资料。