青霉菌发酵液对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用室内生理检测及生物化学方法,研究了青霉菌发酵液对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:用一定浓度的青霉菌发酵液对大豆浸种和茎叶处理,大豆幼苗的生长呈明显上升趋势,处理后大豆的株高、根长、株鲜重和根鲜重均明显得到了提高,且生长状态好于对照,不同浓度处理间具有明显差异,在发酵液浓度为5 g·L-1时,效果最佳。尤其是对根鲜重的影响,促进率最高可达56.21%,同时增强了幼苗根系活力,最大可以提高57.82%,浸种和茎叶处理后,分别提高了叶绿素含量41.25%和15.40%;超氧化物歧化酶活性12.20%和11.70%;过氧化物酶31.33%和29.95%;过氧化氢酶活性42.8%和20.0%,这为发酵液在大豆田推广应用、提高大豆产量提供了重要理论依据。     

低能Ar+注入樱桃萝卜点点红种子后的生物学效应

选取樱桃萝卜点点红为材料,对低能Ar+离子注入其干种子后的生物学效应进行了研究。考察了其发芽率、成活率与低能Ar+注入剂量的关系,对低能Ar+注入点点红种子后其过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定,并对POD酶谱及酯酶(Est)同工酶酶谱进行分析。研究结果表明,不同剂量的低能Ar+注入都会引起种子发芽率、成活率及不同阶段的生长和发育产生变异;在1×1017Ar+/cm2与3×1017Ar+/cm2剂量之间点点红种子的发芽率随注入剂量的增加呈现出“马鞍型”曲线的变化趋势;成活率的变化规律与发芽率的变化规律基本一致;低剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而升高;高剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而降低。同工酶图谱中,POD在2.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2增加一条酶带,且1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2高剂量注入时有缺失现象;酯酶(Est)在1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2剂量注入时酶带数增加,且变深。     

镉对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响

镉对小麦幼苗和根系生长有抑制作用,尤以对根系的抑制更为显著,但镉浓度为5ppm时,有刺激生长的作用.幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量随镉浓度的增加而增加,尤其在高浓度镉下脯氨酸含量剧增,电解质外渗率也明显增大.镉使胚乳中的α-淀粉酶活性降低,这种效应随镉浓度增高而加强,随幼苗的生长却趋于减弱.镉诱导根的正、负极向过氧化物酶同工酶产生新谱带,并使原有的一些谱带活性增强.上述结果显示出镉使小麦幼苗的细胞结构和功能受到损害,而小麦幼苗对镉害也表现出一定的适应性保护反应.     

Research on the heredity and variation of the peruxidase isoenzyme of needles ofpinus koraiensis

Through the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years oldpinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation ofpinus koraiensis.     

A novel extracellular peroxidase and nucleases from a milky sap of Chelidonium majus

Using affinity chromatography, SDS-PAGE, peroxidase activity assay and mass spectrometry data, a new extracellular peroxidase (CMP) from Chelidonium majus milky sap was isolated and characterized. The protein has a molecular weight of about 40 kDa and belongs to secretory class III plant peroxidases. The peroxidase activity is also accompanied by DN-ase activities. A novel CMP combined with other proteins is probably involved in development and differentiation of the plant and defence against different pathogens. It suggests that the biological activity of C. majus whole plants and extracts may depend not only on its alkaloidal content but also on the presence of biologically active proteins.     

Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants

The aim of this greenhouse experiment was the assessment of the influence of H₂SeO₃ at soil concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹, on the activity of selected oxidoreductive enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat plants were grown in 2 dm³ pots filled with dust-silt black soil of pH 7.7. Applied H₂SeO₃ caused activation of plant nitrate reductase at all concentrations, but activation of plant polyphenol oxidase at only two lower concentrations. The highest concentration caused inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Plant catalase activity decreased under the influence of 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹ concentration. After the final analysis Se was quantified in plants and soil. The amounts in plants were: control (unamended soil) 1.95 mg kg⁻¹; I dose (0.05 mmol kg⁻¹) 18.27 mg kg⁻¹; II dose (0.15 mmol kg⁻¹) 33.20 mg kg⁻¹ and III dose (0.45 mmol kg⁻¹) 38.37 mg kg⁻¹, in soil: 0.265 mg kg⁻¹; 3.61 mg kg⁻¹; 10.53 mg kg⁻¹; 30.53 mg kg⁻¹; respectively. Simultaneously, a laboratory experiment was performed, where the activity of soil catalase and peroxidase were tested after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after Se treatment. Peroxidase activity in soil decreased with increasing Se content, over the whole experiment. The lowest dose of Se caused activation a significant 10% increase in catalase activity, but the influence of others doses was unclear.     

满天星玻璃苗的酯酶和过氧化物酶研究

对满天星正常组培苗和玻璃化苗的过氧化物酶和酯酶活性及同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明，玻璃化苗过氧化物酶活性加强，而酯酶活性降低；玻璃化茎丢失一条靠近阳极端的酯酶同工酶条带，而过氧化物同工酶在酶带数目上没有发生质的变化。外表形态的玻璃化现象同分子水平上酶的变化密切相关。     

兰州百合与亚洲百合及其杂种F_1的蛋白质和同工酶分析

[目的]为选配亲本组合及杂种早期鉴定提供理论依据。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对兰州百合与亚洲百合及杂交后代的可溶性蛋白质和过氧化物酶进行分析。[结果]以兰州百合为亲本的杂交后代的蛋白质谱中不仅出现了与亲本同源但比亲本染色加深的带,且出现了亲本中不存在的新带。杂种F1过氧化物酶谱主要表现为亲本的不完全互补型和杂种型。[结论]蛋白质谱和过氧化物酶谱可作为百合杂种鉴定的生化指标及进行目标性状植株的检测。     

Effects of flax lignin addition on enzymatic oxidation of poly(ethylene adipate) urethanes

Lignin use in polymer industry has recently become very attractive from both economical and environmental reasons. In the specific case of blending, the addition of low lignin amounts was found to improve the properties and extends the application field of other natural or synthetic polymers, but the effects of oxidative enzymes on resulting blends are widely unknown. Thereby, the current study was carried out to determine some potential effects of small flax lignin concentrations (4.2 and 9.3 wt%) on the enzymatic degradation of a poly(ethylene adipate) urethane (PU). Thin cast films of PU and its lignin blends were incubated for 3 days at 30 °C with buffered solutions of fungal peroxidase and laccase extracted from Aspergillus sp., and compared with the untreated ones. Changes in surface structure and morphology were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the impact on bulk was assessed from tensile tests and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Although the addition of flax lignin reduces the surface structural modifications after enzyme treatment, the morphology, tensile and thermo-oxidative characteristics are still affected, with laccase showing the higher degradative efficiency. The lignin concentration, its high impact on the resulting blends morphology and relative low resistance to laccase and peroxidase degradation was the most important factors proved to driven the enzymatic oxidation.     

磷胁迫对油菜幼苗Apase·POD ·CAT活性的影响

以耐低磷油菜品种中油821为材料,研究足磷和缺磷条件下幼苗的形态和生理生化特性。对甘蓝型油菜821足磷和缺磷处理后的形态比较观察发现,缺磷处理后,形态学与对照有明显变化。地上部分真叶生长缓慢,植株矮小,叶片较小,叶柄较粗;地下部分主根细、纤弱。对油菜幼苗根部的酸性磷酸酶活性检测发现,缺磷处理后,酶的活性显著增加,且随着胁迫时间的延长,酶的活性随之增大。酸性磷酸酶活性的变化表现出油菜根部对低磷胁迫的适应性反应。对磷胁迫下油菜幼苗叶片的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性测定发现,在磷胁迫的初期2个酶的活性均显著增加,且随着处理时间的延长,过氧化物酶的活力逐渐降低,而过氧化氢酶的活力则变化不明显。