Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy and waxy whole-wheat flour blends

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products.     

闽北天然阔叶林各林层合理密度的研究

应用最大密度模型和半峰宽原理研究闽北天然阔叶林各林层的合理密度 ,结果表明 :各林层的平均胸径与最大密度、平均冠幅与平均胸径存在着显著的相关关系 ;各林层的合理密度分别为 ,第一层 0 .76 1～ 1.2 2 4N1max,第二层 0 .30 8～ 1.6 12N2max,第三层 0 .80 5 ～ 1.187N3max,并拟合出密度与蓄积量的关系 ,为合理经营天然阔叶林提供科学依据。     

Simulations of storm hydrographs in a mixed-landuse watershed using a modified TR-20 model

Most flood damage in Korea is caused by heavy rainfall events and typhoons during the summer rainy season. A modified Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) TR-20 model, TR-20-RICE, was developed to investigate the storm runoff characteristics of a 385-ha mixed-landuse watershed in Korea. The TR-20-RICE not only used the rainfall excess and hydrologic flood routing components of the original TR-20 model, but also included a paddy runoff process, which captured irrigated paddy runoff characteristics such as inundation, retention storage, and surface runoff. The performances of TR-20 and TR-20-RICE were compared using storm hydrographs and observational data. The results indicated that both models simulated storm runoff accurately over the simulation period. The TR-20-RICE runoff volume, peak discharge, and time-to-peak predictions were slightly closer to observations than those of the TR-20. The TR-20-RICE model may an effective alternative to the TR-20 model for generating storm hydrographs, particularly in the mixed-landuse watershed in Korea.     

托木尔峰自然保护区地衣的补充研究

我们根据多年的研究并结合前人的工作进一步地整理了分布在新疆托木尔峰自然保护区的地衣种类。分析该地区的地衣种有１２０个，分别隶性于４９属，其中有１１个变种和４个变型。调查中我们还发现该地区地衣随着海拔高度的升高而有所不同，北坡和南坡也有明显的差异。     

骆驼峰森林公园旅游气候资源适宜性评价

旅游气候资源是旅游开发中的重要自然资源之一,丰富的气候资源不仅具有特殊的景观功能,同时也影响着人们的旅游活动。根据黑龙江省木兰县气象统计资料和观测资料,对骆驼峰森林公园旅游气候资源进行气温、风速、相对湿度和空气负离子等方面的特征分析,利用W H Terjung舒适指数、风效指数对骆驼峰森林公园的旅游气候资源进行分析与评价,得出公园区内四季分明,旅游气候条件优越,适宜旅游的舒适期及全年可游览天数可达6个月,总体旅游舒适期长,空气质量高,总体旅游气候适宜的结论,并针对公园气候资源在其地域的天然优势,利用其特殊的观景功能,为了增强气候产品的内涵和合理利用其独特性．对公园内一年四季旅游气候产品的开发利用提出意见和建议。     

3％井冈霉素A·(2亿芽胞/毫升)多粘类芽胞杆菌水剂防治水稻纹枯病试验

以3％井冈霉素A·(2亿芽胞/毫升)多粘类芽胞杆菌水剂为供试药剂,通过田间试验研究不同剂量、不同施药时期对水稻纹枯病的防治效果.2年试验结果表明,当用药量在45～90 g.a.i/hm2 时,药后20 d,发病初期(即病株率在5％以下)预先防治的田间防效达80.38％～89.06％,而发病期(即病株率在10％以上)施药的田间防效仅达41.12％～53.26％;在发病初期预先防治效果要明显优于发病期再施药,从而确定该药剂防治水稻纹枯病时期应适当前移.     

应用拉普拉斯变换推导峰电流与极限电流的关系

利用拉普拉斯变换实验所得结果，推导出内场致发射电极应用在线性电势扫描法中峰电流与极限电流的关系，为进一步研究提供了定量的依据。     

菊苣开花及种子形成规律的研究

菊苣(Cichorium Intybus L.)开花及种子形成规律的研究表明:在太原地区,菊苣6月上旬开始开花,三周之后即7月初达盛花期。种子在授粉后20天即发育成熟,此时,种子发芽率及千粒重均达到最高。最佳种子收获期应在盛花期后20～30天,此时种子呈深褐色,水分含量为25％左右。     

托木尔峰地区神奇峰冰川3950m处物质平衡与气象要素关系分析

2008年夏季,中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站科研人员对天山托木尔峰地区神奇峰冰川(也称青冰滩72号冰川)进行了大规模综合性的野外科考活动,获得了2008年7月30日至8月31日期间的冰川海拔3950m处的实测气象资料,包括气温、降水等。文中将这些气象资料与物质平衡数据相结合,对它们的关系进行了分析。2008年夏季青冰滩72号冰川野外观测资料分析结果表明:研究时段内,冰川日平均气温在0℃以上的天数达到了96%,冰川基本上处于消融状态;降水前后伴随的气温变化幅度大;基于观测数据,对气温和物质平衡进行了回归分析,回归系数为0.631;并利用灰熵关联度分析了降水和物质平衡之间的关系,它们之间的关联度系数为0.497。     

基于离散傅立叶变换的水稻作物数字图像压缩技术研究

[目的]研究水稻监控系统中的数字图像压缩技术。[方法]提出了一种基于离散傅立叶变换的数字图像压缩技术方案,并通过仿真试验对图像进行了不同压缩比的压缩。[结果]对于压缩比在30以内的数字图像的压缩,衡量编码压缩质量的5个参数(压缩比、图像的熵、平均码字长度、编码效率、冗余度)和评价压缩图像逼真度的参数(PSNR)均达到较好效果,人眼几乎不能分辨出解压缩图像和原始图像之间的差异;在压缩比超过30的数字图像的压缩上,解压缩图像存在一定的失真。当压缩比为91.516 3时,虽然图像有一定的失真,但PSNR仍能达到21.528 2,从直观上人眼在一定的误差范围内仍能接受解压缩图像。[结论]该研究结果表明提出的图像压缩方案是一种可行的、有效的、较好的图像压缩技术,完全可以满足农作物监控系统中图像存储、交换与传输的要求。