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1.
The Bemisia tabaci whitefly is an important pest of many agricultural crops. Direct feeding by this pest can cause physiological plant symptoms including irregular ripening in tomatoes and silverleaf disorder in squash. In addition, B. tabaci can transmit more than 100 plant viruses that cause severe diseases that affect crop yield and quality. Insecticides are often applied to control this pest and they may be applied to the foliage and/or to the soil. Insecticides that kill quickly or cause feeding cessation reduce the damage caused by B. tabaci on the host plant most effectively. In this study fluorescence was used to assess B. tabaci feeding and to determine the effect of systemically applied insecticides on feeding by the pest. Cyantraniliprole (Verimark™) and imidacloprid (AdmirePro®) produced a rapid reduction in B. tabaci feeding. At 24 h after a systemic application, the percentage of whitefly nymphs still feeding in plants treated with cyantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) were 19% and 33%, respectively. Both products showed a good reduction in insect feeding and since they have different modes of action they should be considered as rotational partners for B. tabaci control in areas where there is no resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. While the fluorescein sodium salt cannot be used to trace the uptake of insecticides, it has been shown to reliably demonstrate feeding cessation of whitefly nymphs after foliar and systemic applications of insecticides. 相似文献
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[目的]为了全面评价田间杀虫剂对害虫的非致死作用,[方法]我们选择了亚致死剂量吡虫啉和种群拥挤作为处理因子,测度了大豆蚜的产蚜量、成蚜寿命、若蚜历期及有翅蚜数量等指标,评价两个因子对蚜虫的寄主植株上种群的增殖力和转移扩散风险的影响性质及大小。[结果]结果表明:亚致死剂量吡虫啉对大豆蚜植株上种群有明显降低繁殖率的作用,从而有效减轻本地危害;另外,用药导致有翅蚜的数量显著降低,能降低蚜虫转移为害的风险。拥挤降低了第一代蚜虫种群的繁殖力,对第二代种群繁殖力没有显著影响。另一方面,拥挤造成有翅蚜数量增加,会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。药剂和拥挤存在显著交互作用。[结论]研究表明:亚致死剂量的吡虫啉会降低大豆蚜后代的在原植株上的为害和转移为害,拥挤会消减药剂在植株上的控害作用,也会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。 相似文献
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Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities. 相似文献
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Bactericera cockerelli is a pest on multiple solanaceous crop plants and is the sole vector for the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous. When the pathogen is present, feeding by these psyllids results in ‘vein greening’ disease in peppers and tomatoes, and “zebra chip” disease in potatoes. Currently, management is based entirely on the application of pesticides, including two neonicotinoid compounds. Populations of B. cockerelli collected in southern Texas in 2006 and 2012 were examined for reduced susceptibility and behavioral responses to imidacloprid.Tests comparing imidacloprid and thiamethoxam demonstrated that both can reduce nymph numbers in the field, but retention and effective periods vary among application methods and compounds. In addition, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are both sensitive to the amount of water applied during irrigation. Collectedly, these results suggest that imidacloprid is unlikely to be effective in controlling B. cockerelli in south Texas. Moreover, its use needs to be carefully considered in other locations even where resistance has not yet been detected. Finally, thiamethoxam may be useful, but careful attention must be paid to irrigation and rainfall level, application method, and timing of application. 相似文献
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研究了基于三相中空纤维磁力搅拌的新型液相微萃取(LPME)模式,采用磷酸二氢钾作接受液,快速分离富集桔子和蚯蚓中吡虫啉农药残留的前处理技术,以高效液相色谱(HPLC)为检测手段。系统地优化了LPME技术的有机溶剂、搅拌速率和萃取时间等条件。最佳色谱条件为:SB-Phenyl C18(250mm×4.6mm,粒径:5μm)液相色谱柱,以甲醇∶水∶三乙胺=79∶20∶1(v/v)为流动相,流速0.6mL/min,270 nm波长下检测。得到方法的线性范围0.005~0.2μg/mL,最低检出限为5 ng/mL,加标回收率92.5%~105%,富集倍数19.2倍。建立了一种简单、快速、准确、环境友好的农药残留降解情况的检测方法。 相似文献
7.
Yucong Wen 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,94(1):36-42
Imidacloprid is a key insecticide universally used for control of brown planthopper (BPH), and its resistance had been studied previously with laboratory selected strains. When the failure in field control happened in China in 2005, imidacloprid resistance in field populations of BPH (AQ, NJ, GL and WJ) was monitored and studied. The results demonstrated that the BPH of field populations had developed moderate to high level of resistance to imidacloprid. This resistance is attributed mainly to the enhanced P450 monooxygenases detoxification and could be enhanced in the same growing season if the insecticide was sprayed over and over. Further studies revealed that imidacloprid resistant hoppers did not show cross-resistance to all the neonicotinoid insecticides and high level of imidacloprid resistance in BPH was very unstable. Thus, efficient substitute neonicotinoids could be selected and “window control” could be implemented in resistance management. For checking the resistance mutation previously reported in laboratory selected strains, new corresponding target subunit genes were cloned and sequenced, but no mutations were found associated consistently with resistance. 相似文献
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