电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定水质中的金元素

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了废水中的金元素,探讨了金测定的谱线选择、离子干扰等问题,实验结果表明:在最佳仪器条件和测定条件下,该方法的检出限为0.008 mg/L,方法精密度的方法标准偏差(RSD)在4.28%~1.44%之间,回收率为96%~104%。该方法操作简便,快捷。     

ICP-AES法测定黄山名茶中的多种微量元素

用 IRIS Intrepid II XSP ICP全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪，对黄山名茶中 Se、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素进行了测定，通过试验，选择了仪器的最佳分析条件。方法简便快速，精密度和准确度均符合要求。该方法用于实际茶叶样品分析，结果令人满意。     

不同种质佛手五种微量元素含量的比较分析

利用微波消解/电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES),同时测定了不同种质佛手的铜、铁、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量.结果表明:佛手含有较丰富的铁,硒的含量最低;不同种质间以来自江苏金佛手的铜、铁、锰、锌微量元素含量最高;云南产的云佛手微量元素含量最低.来自广西和广东4个不同产地的广佛手间微量元素含量也有一定差异.不同种质佛手微量元素含量的测定,为种质评价、了解药效成分含量及其疗效差异提供重要参考.     

Assessment of sugar maple tree growth in relation to the partitioning of elements in xylem along a soil acidity gradient

Partitioning of elements in tree xylem is being increasingly studied, as it suggests that elements are potentially mobile within the xylem long after their uptake. A recent study revealed that only the most mobile xylem fraction (water-soluble) of base cations (calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], and potassium [K]) increased at higher soil acidity, while the two mobile fractions (water- and acid-soluble) of acidic metals—potentially phytotoxic aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn)—were significantly enhanced on very acid soils. The current paper presents an investigation of soil-wood chemistry relationships with basal area tree growth. It was hypothesized that the growth of sugar maple would be reduced by low base cation and high acidic metal concentrations in the xylem mobile fractions. Sugar maple trees (n = 55) from six watersheds in southern Quebec, Canada were analysed by sequential chemical extractions for the water-soluble, acid-soluble and residual fractions of base cations (Ca, K, Mg) and acidic metals (Al, Cd, Mn) in xylem. Generally, tree growth was positively correlated to concentrations of base cations in wood (ρ = 0.27-0.50) and soil (ρ = 0.41-0.67), and negatively correlated to concentrations of acidic metals in wood (ρ = −0.33 to −0.52) and soil (ρ = −0.67). However, these relations differed depending on the element fraction considered. Water- and acid-soluble xylem concentrations of base cations and Al were among the best predictors of growth trends (R² = 0.46-0.51). The relationship between acidic metals and tree growth is further discussed.     

ICP—AES测定酸性土壤中有效磷的研究

采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）测定土壤中有效磷的含量。本法测定国家土壤标准样品（GBW7416）的结果平均值与标准值较好的吻合,并且与分光光度法测定结果无显著性差异。ICP-AES法具有较多优点,简单、灵敏度高、准确性好,符合土壤中有效磷分析的要求。     

ICP-AES测定酸性土壤中有效磷的研究

采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤中有效磷的含量。本法测定国家土壤标准样品(GBW7416)的结果平均值与标准值较好的吻合,并且与分光光度法测定结果无显著性差异。ICP-AES法具有较多优点,简单、灵敏度高、准确性好,符合土壤中有效磷分析的要求。     

公路两侧土壤中重金属污染的测定和环境影响评价

[目的]评价公路两侧土壤中重金属的污染程度。[方法]用微波消解ICP—AES法测定公路两侧土壤中镉、铬、镍、铅和铜的含量,并利用地积累指数法评价土壤受镉、铬、镍、铅和铜5种重金属的污染程度。[结果]结果表明,采样点距公路直线距离越大,土壤中镉、铬、镍、铅和铜的含量越低,铬、镍、铅和铜的含量均有明显上升,但未超出国家土壤环境质量二级标准。镉污染严重,超出国家土壤环境质量三级标准。[结论]该研究结果为公路两侧土壤重金属污染的治理提供科学依据。     

Discrimination of geographical origin of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by multielement analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

This study aims to determine the authenticity of the geographical origin of rice using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and chemometrics. The profiles of 25 elements in brown rice measured by ICP-AES were subjected to data-mining processes, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA clearly discriminated the geographical origin of rice samples grown in three countries. Eleven elements (Cu, Ag, Zn, Cr, Ca, Ba, Cd, Bi, K, Pb, and In) significantly contributed to the ability to discriminate the geographical origin of the rice. These results demonstrate the use of multielement profiling combined with chemometrics as a tool for discriminating food origins. This study extends our knowledge about the applications of both multielement profiling and chemometrics for the determination of food authenticity, and thus can be useful for controlling the geographical origin of rice by governmental administration and protecting consumers from improper domestic labeling.     

微波消解ICP-AES快速分析林蛙样品的应用

利用微波辅助消解林蛙肝脏、骨粉、内皮和外皮组织样品,30 min完成称样,消解到定容全部前处理过程,电感耦合等离子体光谱法1 min检测1个样品中22种元素,省时、省力、快速、准确,准确度和精密度高于常规的湿法消化和低温干灰化法制备样品的方法,实验时选择微波消解时间15 min,功率360 W,混合酸体系为HNO3-HCl-H2O2-H2O,混酸配比为8: 2: 2: 3.微波消解林蛙皮肤样品大大缩短分析流程,采用标准溶液基体匹配法消除基体干扰,利用电感耦合等离子体原子光谱分析技术,同时检测林蛙组织中常量和微量元素.该方法经国家猪肝标准物质GBW08551验证,测得方法相对误差在0.17%～6.67%,相对标准偏差在0.47%～4.94%,各项检测指标均能满足生物样品检测要求,达到满意的测量结果.     

平邑不同区域金银花各部位及土壤中5种重金属元素含量测定

[目的]了解山东平邑县不同区域道地药材金银花及其不同组织和生长土壤中5种重金属元素含量状况。[方法]以山东省平邑县不同生长区域的金银花及其生长土壤为样品,先采用微波消解法处理样品,再利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定砷、铜、汞、镉、铅5种金属元素含量。[结果]药典规定的5种重金属砷、铜、汞、镉、铅元素在金银花药材中的含量均未超出我国对中药材中重金属残留量规定的检测限;对土壤、药材根、茎、叶、花中5种金属元素的含量分析显示,土壤中的金属元素未影响该地区生产的药材质量。[结论]研究可为金银花的质量评价提供一定参考。