荷斯坦育肥牛饮喂甲醛液的增重效果试验

选用西宁市奶牛场荷斯坦育肥牛 1 6头 ,随机分为试验组和对照组 ,每组为 8头。试验组饮喂 1 50 ppm甲醛液 ,对照组饮自来水。试验期 50天。结果表明 ,试验组和对照组平均增重分别为 51 .0 0千克和 2 8.50千克 ,日增重分别为 1 0 2 0克和 570克 ,差异极显著 (p<0 .0 1 )。     

Susceptibility of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) Fingerlings to Formalin

ABSTRACT

Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) were exposed to 0, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 100, 150 200, 250, 300, and 400 ppm formalin to determine LC₅₀. Respectively, 0.5 to 96 h LC₅₀ values were 252 to 49 ppm. The lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) and no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) varied between 40 to 150 and 30 to 100 ppm, respectively, across the tested time spectrum. Regression suggested that the concentrations of 88.4, 80.3, 51.2, and 40.1 ppm are maximum concentrations for 0.5, 1, 12, and 24 h bath treatment, respectively, which are not in the range suggested in the literature.     

Impact of landspread sewage sludge and earthworm introduction on established earthworms and soil structure

Summary Sewage sludge was applied to twelve 4-m² plots in two forest (mixed hardwood, Norway spruce plantation) site and one old field site. The earthworm Eisenia fetida was introduced to half the control and half the treated plots. Earthworm populations were sampled by formalin extraction and hand-sorting five times in the year following treatment. One year after treatment, soil samples were wet-sieved and water-stable aggregate size-class arrays were determined.The dominant earthworm in the study site, Lumbricus terrestris, increased in density and mean individual biomass in response to sludge treatment in mixed hardwood and old field plots. In the Norway spruce plots, L. terrestris increased in individual biomass but decreased in density following sludge application. The density of the introduced E. fetida rapidly declined in all control plots. One year after introduction, E. fetida was found only in the sludge-treated Norway spruce plot. The introduction of E. fetida with sludge decreased the density and biomass of L. terrestris in the hardwood plots.Sludge treatment increased the percentages of 4-mm diameter water-stable aggregates in old field and hardwood plots. The addition of E. fetida with sludge in the hardwood plots generated no increase in 4-mm water-stable aggregates. In the old field, sludge + E. fetida increased the 4-mm water-stable aggregates. Little change in water-stable aggregates in response to either treatment combination was seen in the Norway spruce site.     

不同烟熏次数消毒对火鸡孵化率影响的初步试验

本文研究一定剂量的高锰酸钾、福尔马林不同烟熏次数消毒火鸡种蛋对孵化率的影响。结果表明,烟熏消毒2～4次的种蛋孵化率比未经消毒的提高28％～29％,差异显著。火鸡种蛋烟熏消毒初步显示以2～3次为宜,孵化过程中消毒次数过多,不但不能进一步提高孵化率,且增加药费开支。     

高锰酸钾及甲醛对九孔鲍受精卵及面盘幼虫的毒性试验

用不同浓度高锰酸钾溶液及甲醛对九孔鲍受精卵和面盘幼虫进行毒性试验。结果表明:高锰酸钾对九孔鲍受精卵的6hLC50、12hLC50分别为:2.66×10-6,2.03×10-6,;对九孔鲍面盘幼虫的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为:4.34×10-6,2.82×10-6,0.357×10-6,甲醛对九孔鲍面盘幼虫的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为:38.5×10-6,31.05×10-6,6.05×10-6。     

黄颡鱼斜管虫和杯体虫病的防治

[目的]研究防治黄颡鱼斜管虫和杯体虫病安全有效的药物、剂量及用法。[方法]对患有斜管虫和杯体虫病的黄颡鱼用硫酸铜、硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂（5∶2）、硫酸锌、硫酸锌和聚维酮碘制剂、福尔马林和优马林6种药物在3个浓度下使用遍洒法进行正交叉试验,以确定安全有效地防治斜管虫和杯体虫病的药物及剂量。[结果]硫酸锌和聚维酮碘制剂对黄颡鱼斜管虫和杯体虫病的防治效果最好,优马林、硫酸硫酸锌次之,硫酸铜、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、福尔马林的防治效果较差。[结论]治疗黄颡鱼斜管虫和杯体虫病的最佳药物是硫酸锌和聚维酮碘制剂,其用药浓度为：硫酸锌0.60 mg/L、聚维酮碘2.00 mg/L;优马林0.50 mg/L也是治疗黄颡鱼斜管虫和杯体虫病的有效药物。     

福尔马林固定鱼类标本DNA提取方法的优化

气候变化和人类活动胁迫致使许多海洋鱼类种群结构发生了显著变化。为了摸清鱼类种群结构对气候变化和人类胁迫活动的响应机理,利用福尔马林固定标本研究较早年代海洋鱼类DNA是一种有效的途径。为了解决福尔马林固定鱼类样本DNA提取质量差的难题,以福尔马林固定近50年的金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)标本为例,研究DNA提取过程中多个因素对DNA提取产量的影响。以取样部位、除甲醛处理、消化时间、抽提方法为考察因素,以DNA提取浓度为评价指标,通过SPSS软件设计L8(4×24)正交实验。结果,得到的最优处理组为:肌肉组织样品经GTE缓冲液浸泡与酒精梯度处理后,90℃水浴30 min,真空干燥处理,加入裂解液与蛋白酶K,55℃水浴消化3 h,试剂盒法提取DNA。除甲醛处理是提高DNA产量的关键,处理步骤越多效果越好。90℃水浴后再消化能够显著提高DNA提取效率。通过对比标本DNA与新鲜样品DNA,PCR扩增的结果,证明使用优化方法提取的DNA能够满足后续研究的需求。     

高锰酸钾,福尔马林防治大银鱼卵水霉病试验

以不同浓度和不同浸洗频率的高锰酸钾和福尔马林溶液防治大银鱼卵水霉病试验表明,浓度为１５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的高锰酸钾和２００．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的福尔马林溶液对水霉病有很强的抑制作用,而对其出苗率无明显影响。     

福尔马林浸种对葫芦种传病害和种子活力的影响

福尔马林浸种处理葫芦种传病害的结果表明:同一浸种浓度的处理,随着浸种时间的增加,种子活力呈下降趋势,灭菌效果显著提高;同一浸种时间,随着稀释倍数的增加,种子活力呈上升趋势,灭菌效果呈下降趋势。而依据种子活力和灭菌效果都要达标的要求,选用40%福尔马林溶液稀释300倍液进行48 h浸种的效果最佳。     

影响福尔马林漂白粉石灰浆消毒效果诸因素的探讨

研究比较了有机氯消毒剂与无机氯消毒剂水溶液的稳定性,药剂液温、药液粘度、pH值对蚕用消毒剂的三种主剂(福尔马林、漂白粉、石灰浆)的不同影响,三种药剂对土壤地面的不同消毒效果以及相互配合使用时会产生的后果。目的在于进一步加深对消毒剂不同性能的认识,为提高消毒效果提供参考。