Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy and waxy whole-wheat flour blends

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products.     

棉花离体不定根系的发生对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响

为探明根系对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响，以离体条件下的无根幼苗、不同生根状态幼苗以及无菌种子苗作为研究对象，对其茎叶色素腺体密度、棉酚含量以及棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量进行分析。结果表明，不同生根状态幼苗中，色素腺体密度和棉酚含量与一定范围内生根数呈显著正相关，随后趋于平稳。荧光定量PCR显示，棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1和GhWRKY1表达量在生根数多的无菌苗中显著增高，而对棉酚合成具有反馈调节作用的 GhCYP706B1表达量呈现相反趋势；无根幼苗茎叶腺体密度和棉酚含量均显著低于有根幼苗，棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1、GhWRKY1和 GhCYP706B1表达量反而高于有根幼苗。有根幼苗中根的棉酚含量显著高于茎和叶，无菌种子苗根系中棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量显著高于茎和叶。说明棉花根系能对棉酚含量产生直接影响，同时影响腺体密度。本研究进一步验证了根系是棉酚主要合成部位，地上部分也存在少量的棉酚合成，只是不能引起棉酚发生显著变化。     

稀土对山定子、红富士苹果树体与果实钙含量影响的研究

水培试验表明,稀土有平衡树体钙素营养的作用,在钙浓度低时,稀土能促进果树对钙的吸收,在钙浓度高时,可在一定程度上抑制果树对钙的吸收。田间喷钙可促进果树对氮、钙、锌的吸收,并增加果实中钙的浓度。稀土、钙混合液浸果可使果实中钙浓度增加0.165%,保鲜率比对照增加26%。     

6个鲜食葡萄品种不同部位生物活性物质含量及抗氧化活性比较

【目的】 对不同色系鲜食葡萄品种各器官生物活性物质含量和各器官提取物总活性进行比较研究,为鲜食葡萄育种和生物活性物质利用提供有效依据。【方法】 以三种色系鲜食葡萄(各含一个有籽和无籽鲜食葡萄品种)为材料,分别测定果梗、果皮、果肉、葡萄籽中多酚、黄酮、原花青素含量,用自由基清除法评价各器官提取物的总活性,并使用相关系数法分析3种生物活性物质含量和总活性的相关性。【结果】 结果表明,不同色系葡萄品种中,黄绿色系与红色系果梗多酚含量高于紫黑色系品种,无籽品种含量高于有籽品种;黄酮含量以红色系品种含量最高,且无籽高于有籽品种。果皮中多酚、黄酮及原花青素含量与果皮颜色深浅有关,颜色越深含量越高;原花青素含量在黄绿色系与红色系葡萄品种中无籽显著高于有籽葡萄。果肉多酚含量紫黑色系有籽葡萄显著低于其它品种;原花青素含量紫黑色系显著高于红色系品种,黄绿色系及红色系品种有籽显著高于无籽品种。葡萄籽中多酚及原花青素含量变化具有随着果皮颜色加深而显著增加的变化趋势。生物活性物质抗氧化活性在果梗中黄绿色系与红色系品种显著高于紫黑色系品种,无籽品种高于有籽品种;在果皮中紫黑色系品种显著高于黄绿色系与红色系品种;在果肉中黄绿色系有籽品种显著高于无籽品种;多酚、黄酮含量与提取物总的抗氧化活性呈极显著正相关关系(P <0.01)。综上可知,鲜食葡萄果梗中含有丰富的多酚和黄酮物质,且红色系无籽品种显著最高,可将葡萄采果后果梗作为多酚和黄酮物质提取的原材料;鲜食葡萄多酚、黄酮、原花青素等生物活性物质随着果皮颜色加深而加深,可选育果皮颜色深且品质好的品种做鲜食葡萄;葡萄籽中含有丰富的多酚、黄酮、原花青素,可作为生物活性物质提取的原材料;鲜食葡萄提取物总抗氧化活性主要由多酚、黄酮决定。     

玉屏风散与微粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷体外溶出率的研究

建立了玉屏风超微粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的高效液相色谱检测方法，采用浆法测定了玉屏风超微粉和玉屏风散剂在人工胃液中的溶出率，绘制累积溶出率曲线。结果表明，玉屏风超微粉和散剂散剂的累积溶出率在5 min时迅速达到73%以上。超微粉和散剂的最快溶出时间段分别为0~2 h和0~6 h，最后都在16 h达到溶出平衡，最高累积溶出率分别为80.36%和77.51%。玉屏风超微粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷溶出速度快，达峰时间短，峰浓度高于散剂。     

Determination of Naringin Content in Peel of Guangxi Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr by HPLC

[Objectives]To establish a method for determining the naringin content in the peel of Guangxi Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.[Methods]The high performance liquid chro...     

Do forest and health professionals presume that forests offer health benefits,and is cross-sectional cooperation conceivable?

In high-income countries depression and cardiovascular diseases were predicted to be the two leading causes of DALYs in the year 2030. Private-life stress fosters both kinds of diseases. Scientific findings already show that forest exposure has stress-reducing effects. Particularly in Japan, people have practiced forest bathing to improve their health. The German population also has a strong connection to its forests, and forest law allows forest access, regardless of ownership structure. Hence, the question arises of whether forest exposure could be used in Germany as a kind of stress-coping strategy. To a certain degree, the success of such a strategy in Germany would require the participation of the stakeholders that are active in both the health and the forestry sectors. Therefore, it seems necessary to gain insight into German forest and health professionals' understanding and attitude concerning forest-related health benefits. For this reason, in this pilot study, guideline interviews with professionals of both sectors and with professionals standing in between these professions were conducted, recorded and transcribed. On the one hand, each professional’s presumptions regarding the health-fostering effects of forests were investigated, derived from their subjective certainty that forest exposure has health-fostering effects. In addition, a thought experiment was used to estimate the level of willingness to cooperate with each other in order to motivate people to be physically active in forests. For analysis, Mayring’s qualitative content analysis and a frequency analysis (MaxQDA) were applied. Findings show that most of the interviewed professionals presume forests to have health-fostering effects. Furthermore, something derived from the statements within the context of the thought experiment was that most professionals seem to be willing to cooperate with the other sector. Hence, it might be conceivable that forest exposure may be part of a German stress-coping strategy.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

分阶段储粮降温通风的比较研究

采用试验观测的方法,对钢板仓仓储小麦分别进行不通风、两阶段和三阶段降温通风研究和分析。研究发现,相对于秋季两阶段通风而言,夏季增加一个通风阶段更有利于提高降温效果。在为期两年的试验中,在夏季合适的气温条件下,用较小的通风量进行降温通风,小麦有足够的时间与温度低于24℃的空气接触达到冷却的目的。然而,由于夜间空气温度低、湿度大的特点导致粮食最终温度高于24℃,同时由于送风湿度大的原因,粮食的水分也会相应增大。     

水肥一体化对山地鲜桑椹商品性状的影响

为探索不同为微地形条件下水肥一体化工程技术对干热河谷区桑园果桑商品性状的影响,以盐边县刚成熟、正成熟和过成熟的鲜桑椹为研究对象,对比坡面雨养区(DN)、沟道两旁雨养区(WN)、坡面（水肥一体化）灌溉施肥区(DF)和沟道两旁（水肥一体化）灌溉施肥区(WF)桑椹的果长、果径、体积、质量、密度、果形指数和糖度的差异。结果表明：（1）灌溉施肥可以影响桑椹结果的物候特征,加速桑椹成熟。（2）灌溉施肥、微地形、灌溉施肥和微地形的交互作用对鲜桑椹的果长、果径、体积和果形指数具有极显著影响。（3）成熟度可以显著影响鲜桑椹的果长、果径和体积,但对鲜桑椹果形指数的影响不显著。 （4）在灌溉施肥条件(DF、WF)下,桑椹的成熟度越高,其密度和质量越高;在DN区,过成熟桑椹的密度和质量显著高于刚成熟和正成熟的桑椹;而在WN区,正成熟桑椹的密度质量显著高于过成熟和刚成熟的桑椹密度。（5）平均糖度最高的为WF区的过成熟桑椹,平均糖度高达18.01%,而最低的为WN区的刚成熟桑椹,平均糖度仅为11.76%。（6）DN区和WN区桑椹的商品性状的差异主要是外形和糖度的差异,WN区的桑椹比DN区糖度低、外形大。（7）WF区桑椹与DF区桑椹的商品性状差异不大。上述结果揭示了水分和养分供给调控桑椹商品性状的内在机制,即水分供应可促进鲜桑椹变大变重,施肥可让鲜桑椹口味更甜。