Rates of Nitrogen Mineralization of Meat and Bone Meals in Mediterranean Soils

Animal by-products such as meat and bone meals are now certified as free from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and their use as organic fertilizers is considered safe again. Given that knowing the rates at which their nutrients are released is key to efficient use, nitrogen (N) mineralization in Mediterranean soils fertilized with meat and bone meals (MBMs) has been studied by means of 12 incubation experiments using three soils of different textures and organic-matter contents and five MBMs of varied origin and characteristics. After the application of the organic products, the amounts of mineral N released after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 35 weeks of aerobic incubation at 25 °C were measured and the data were adjusted to first-order reaction kinetics. In all cases, the results were consistent with the assumption of N mineralization being a first-order reaction with k constants ranging from 0.177 week^?1 to 1.603 week^?1. Mineralization was fast, with most of the N release taking place during the first 5–10 weeks of the incubations. Despite the different origin and characteristics of the MBMs compared in the experiment, soil type was the most influential factor in the mineralization process. The N mineralization rates were greater in the loam soil, suggesting a relevant role of enzymes immobilized in inorganic colloids such as clay.     

林副产品资源资产评估

林副产品价格构成和计算方法的确定，按不同资源资产转让情况可分为：林地生产林副产品；林下植物生产副产品；林木生产副产品；林木主副产品和竹林、薪炭林。评估资产价格的计算方法可应用重置成本法；现行市价法和收益现值法。     

利用重油造气副产炭黑制活性炭研究

对重油造气副产炭黑的杂质及主要质量指标进行了检测。结果表明：重油造气副产炭黑亚甲基蓝脱色力平均值１１ｍＬ，主要杂质为镍，铁等化合物，３．４－苯并芘，１．２－苯并菲等有害致癌芳烃未被检出，在此基础上研究了酸法除杂质工艺，提出了的通气（汽）鼓泡酸洗法工艺可有效地脱除杂质，且工艺简单，成本低，用副产炭黑的原料制得的产品符合ＬＹ２１６－７９标准中７８２型（物理炭）Ａ类一级品质量要求。     

脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤过程中的向日葵苗期盐响应研究

由于脱硫石膏的主要成分为CaSO₄，可以用来改良碱化土壤，但施加脱硫石膏同时也增加了土壤中的盐分含量。该文通过盆栽试验研究苗期向日葵在不同脱硫石膏水平和不同淋洗水平条件下向日葵出苗、土壤化学性质和土壤淋出液性质的变化规律。试验设计8个处理，4个脱硫石膏水平(0、7.5、15和22.5 t/hm²)和2个淋洗水平(750和1200 m³/hm²)。研究表明：施加脱硫石膏增加了向日葵的出苗率，降低了土壤的碱化度(ESP)、pH和全盐量(TDS)，但过量施加脱硫石膏也会抑制作物的出苗和生长；淋洗可以提高脱硫石膏的改良效率。根据试验结果推测当ESP＝63.5、pH＝9.15时，最佳脱硫石膏的投放量为13.65 t/hm²。该试验脱硫石膏用量7.5 t/hm²、淋洗水量1200 m³/hm²的处理碱化土壤改良效果最佳，向日葵出苗率达到了92.5%，ESP、pH值和TDS分别由初始的63.5%、9.15%和0.65%降到了15%、7.7%和0.15%以下。     

香蕉副产物综合利用研究进展

针对中国香蕉副产物茎叶皮等残次物利用不充分的问题,结合国内外的研究进展,阐述了香蕉副产物的营养价值及其综合利用的现状,分析了制约香蕉副产物利用效率的因素和存在的问题,指出香蕉副产物是一种具有极大潜在开发前景的农作物资源,为香蕉副产物高效利用提供参考。     

脱硫废弃物和耐盐牧草对碱化土壤的改良效果

利用田间定位试验,研究脱硫废弃物和耐盐牧草对土壤盐分的影响,同时研究脱硫废弃物对几种牧草生产性能的影响,探讨脱硫废弃物和耐盐牧草对碱性盐土的改良效果。结果表明,脱硫废弃物和耐盐牧草对碱性土壤0~20 cm土层的ESP、pH、代换性Na+含量均有降低作用;同时也降低(HCO3-+CO32-)含量、一价阳离子(K++Na+)含量,使土壤物理和化学性质改善,有利于植物的生长,增加产量。