丁香酚对日本沼虾麻醉效果的研究

研究了丁香酚对日本沼虾的麻醉效果。在不同浓度(100,200,300,400和500mg/L)和不同温度(17,22和27℃)条件下,观察日本沼虾的麻醉状态和苏醒状态,然后对试验数据进行统计分析。结果表明(P<0.05):日本沼虾进入麻醉状态所需的时间(麻醉时间)随丁香酚浓度的升高而缩短,随麻醉温度的升高而缩短;苏醒所需时间(苏醒时间)随丁香酚浓度的升高而加长,随麻醉温度的升高和而缩短;苏醒后第14d统计,各实验组存活率均为100%。多重比较结果表明(P<0.05):对于麻醉效果的影响,不同的麻醉浓度之间存在显著差异,不同的麻醉温度之间也存在显著差异;对于恢复效果的影响,麻醉浓度100mg/L和200mg/L之间的差异不显著,浓度400mg/L和500mg/L之间差异也不显著,麻醉温度17℃和22℃之间差异不显著,其他两两相互比较,差异均显著。研究表明,丁香酚对日本沼虾的麻醉效果良好,是一种合适的麻醉剂。     

丁香酚对日本沼虾麻醉效果的研究

研究了丁香酚对日本沼虾的麻醉效果。在不同浓度(100,200,300,400和500mg/L)和不同温度(17,22和27℃)条件下,观察日本沼虾的麻醉状态和苏醒状态,然后对试验数据进行统计分析。结果表明(P<0.05):日本沼虾进入麻醉状态所需的时间(麻醉时间)随丁香酚浓度的升高而缩短,随麻醉温度的升高而缩短;苏醒所需时间(苏醒时间)随丁香酚浓度的升高而加长,随麻醉温度的升高和而缩短;苏醒后第14d统计,各实验组存活率均为100%。多重比较结果表明(P<0.05):对于麻醉效果的影响,不同的麻醉浓度之间存在显著差异,不同的麻醉温度之间也存在显著差异;对于恢复效果的影响,麻醉浓度100mg/L和200mg/L之间的差异不显著,浓度400mg/L和500mg/L之间差异也不显著,麻醉温度17℃和22℃之间差异不显著,其他两两相互比较,差异均显著。研究表明,丁香酚对日本沼虾的麻醉效果良好,是一种合适的麻醉剂。     

陆眠宁对藏犬麻醉效果的研究

[目的]探索陆眠宁对藏犬的麻醉效果。[方法]通过肌肉注射,利用麻醉剂陆眠宁对藏犬进行麻醉,评价其麻醉效果。[结果]陆眠宁对藏犬的麻醉效果切实可靠,有效麻醉剂量范围为20~50μl/kg。给药后2~10 min为诱导期,部分藏犬有呕吐和流涎现象。大多数藏犬在给药9~15 min后进入麻醉期,一般可维持1.5~2.0 h。陆眠宁对藏犬具有较好的镇静、镇痛和肌肉松弛作用。使用苏醒灵4号作为拮抗剂,能使藏犬在短期内达到苏醒效果。利用陆眠宁进行动物肌注麻醉具有操作简便、用药量少、麻醉效果切实、麻醉时间长、安全范围广等优点,其拮抗剂可随时控制藏犬苏醒和麻醉深度。[结论]陆眠宁尤其适于难以实施吸入麻醉和静脉麻醉的野生动物或烈性动物。     

渔用麻醉剂使用现状和检测技术研究进展

随着水产品交易市场的不断扩大,为了保证水产品品质及鲜活程度,麻醉剂的使用愈发普遍,其中渔用麻醉剂的安全隐患愈发受到关注,而我国在渔用麻醉剂方面的监管却突显不足,对动物体内麻醉剂残留检测技术的研究也比较缺乏。通过研究各国渔用麻醉剂使用现状,提出我国建立相应监管措施的必要性。目前市场上渔用麻醉剂已被普遍使用,包括间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲烷磺酸盐(MS-222)和丁香酚类化合物,但我国还未建立相应的检测标准或基准方法。对国内外相关检测方法进行总结和比较,为后续方法研究提供理论支持。     

Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management for an approved sedative that allows for the immediate release of fish after sedation. AQUI-S^TM is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries and until recently was being developed in the U.S. as a sedative for immediate release of fish after sedation. The U.S. National Toxicology Program reported that isoeugenol (the active ingredient in AQUI-S^TM) exposed male mice showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity, therefore efforts within the U.S. Department of Interior to develop AQUI-S^TM as a sedative that allows for immediate release ceased. Despite the ruling, AQUI-S^TM still has the potential to be approved as an anesthetic with a short withdrawal time. Among the data required to gain approval for use in the U.S. are data describing the composition and depletion of all AQUI-S^TM residues from fish fillet tissue. A total residue depletion study for AQUI-S^TM was conducted by exposing market-sized rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (mean weight, 502.7 ± 54 g; s.d.) to 8.9 mg/L of ¹⁴C-[URL]-isoeugenol for 60 min in 17 °C water. The ¹⁴C-[URL]-isoeugenol was mixed with a surfactant resulting in a mixture that mimicked AQUI-S^TM. Groups of fish (n = 6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0-h sample group) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h thereafter. Total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were determined by oxidizing triplicate subsamples of homogenized skin-on fillet tissue from each fish to ¹⁴CO₂ and enumerating the radioactivity by static liquid scintillation counting. Isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue were determined by extracting homogenized fillet tissue with solvents and determining the isoeugenol concentrations in the extracts with high performance liquid chromatography techniques. The mean total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 55.4, 32.0, 19.8, 11.3, and 4.9 µg/g, respectively. The primary chemical residue in fillet tissue from all exposed fish was isoeugenol. The mean isoeugenol concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 48.9, 26.5, 15.3, 7.2, and 2.2 µg/g, respectively. The percents of the total radioactivity classified as isoeugenol in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h tissue extracts were 95, 73, 73, 64, and 48%, respectively.     

丁香酚对中国对虾幼虾麻醉效果的研究

[目的]为麻醉中国对虾幼虾寻求一种好的方法。[方法]研究不同浓度丁香酚对中国对虾的麻醉效果、麻醉后对虾离水操作的可行性及温度对麻醉效果的影响。[结果]水温为24℃、丁香酚浓度为50~400 mg/L时,幼虾可被有效麻醉;且在50~400 mg/L的浓度范围内,随着丁香酚浓度的增加,对虾麻醉所需的时间缩短,而复苏所需的时间不断增加;丁香酚浓度低于200 mg/L时,麻醉对虾的复苏率可达100%;而用400 mg/L的药液麻醉对虾时,对虾的复苏率仅有66.67%。对苏醒后的对虾继续观察3 d,各试验组的对虾存活率均为100%。同种剂量的药液,其麻醉效果随着水温(18~27℃)的升高而增强。[结论]丁香酚是中国对虾安全、有效的麻醉剂。     

丁香酚对中国对虾幼虾麻醉效果的初步研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to seek a good anesthetic to Fenneropenaeus chinensis. [Method] The anesthetic effect of eugenol to juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis was investigated. [Result] The juveniles could be effectively anaesthetized by 50-400 mg/L eugenol aqueous solution with temperature of 24 ℃. Within the concentration range of 50-400 mg/L, the increase of the eugenol concentration could shorten the time required for anesthesia, meanwhile could prolong the time for recovery. The recovered rate of prawn reached 100% when the eugenol concentration was lower than 200 mg/L, while the recovered rate of prawn was just 66.67% when the eugenol concentration was higher than 400 mg/L. The survival rate of prawns in test group was 100% from the observation of three consecutive days. For the specific dose, the anesthetic effect enhanced with the increase of water temperature (18-27℃). [Conclusion] Eugenol is a safe and efficient anesthetics that can be applied in genetic breeding of prawn.     

3个品种犬与狼麻醉效果的观察

实验采用隆朋和静松灵对3个品种共12例犬和3例狼进行的麻醉实验。结果表明,采用隆朋、隆朋与静松灵复合组麻醉均可获得良好的麻醉效果,麻醉深浅容易控制,对呼吸循环系统无明显的抑制。特别是隆朋与静松灵复合麻醉应用时能相互弥补本身之不足,增强麻醉效果,提高肌肉松弛力,操作简便、易于掌握、用量小、苏醒快,是较为理想的实验犬的麻醉剂。     

Uroperitoneum in 32 foals: influence of intravenous fluid therapy, infection, and sepsis

Foals may present to a referral hospital with the primary diagnosis of uroperitoneum (UP), or they may develop UP while hospitalized for other reasons. Historical, physical, laboratory, and diagnostic variables of foals presenting with UP were compared to those developing UP while hospitalized. Emphasis was placed on the presence of electrolyte abnormalities, evidence of sepsis or infection, and development of anesthetic complications during surgical correction of the defect. Foals developing UP while in the hospital frequently had a history of dystocia and presented at a very young age (< 48 hours) with primary clinical signs compatible with intrauterine compromise or presumed hypoxic or ischemic insult with or without sepsis. Foals referred with suspected UP often had additional problems unrelated to the urinary system. These foals had hyponatremia and hyperkalemia on presentation, whereas foals receiving intravenous fluid therapy consisting of a balanced electrolyte solution did not develop the classical pattern of electrolyte abnormalities, yet a similar increase in serum creatinine and, frequently, decreasing urine production were noted. Infection was present in 63% of the foals, and 78% of foals revealed signs suggestive of sepsis or infection. Intrauterine compromise, presumed hypoxia or ischemia, and sepsis may predispose foals to development of UP. Anesthetic complications occurred in 16% of the foals undergoing surgical correction of the defect, although hyperkalemia was only present in half of the foals with anesthetic complications.     

Kinetics and potency of halothane,isoflurane, and desflurane in the Northern Leopard frog <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana pipiens</Emphasis>

Equilibration between delivered and effect site anesthetic partial pressure is slow in frogs. The use of less soluble agents or overpressure delivery may speed equilibration. Ten Northern leopard frogs were exposed to 3-4 constant concentrations of halothane, isoflurane or desflurane and their motor response to noxious electrical stimulation of the forelimb evaluated every 30 minutes until a stable proportion of frogs were immobile. Each frog received each anesthetic and concentration in random order and allowed at least 14 hours to recover between anesthetic exposures. An overpressure technique based upon the kinetics in the first study was then tested with 4 concentrations of desflurane. For halothane, isoflurane and desflurane respectively; the proportion of frogs immobile in response to stimulus became stable after 510, 480 and 180 minutes, and ED50 values were 1.36, 1.67 and 6.78 % atm. Desflurane ED50 delivered by overpressure was not significantly different at 6.85 % atm. Halothane, isoflurane and desflurane are effective general anesthetics in frogs with potencies similar to those reported in mammals. The time required for anesthetic equilibration is fastest with desflurane and can be hastened further by initial delivery of higher partial pressures.