豆科木本植物根部特征与结瘤的关系

选取了11种豆科木本植物，比较了它们的根部外部形态和解剖结构特点，分析这些特点与结瘤的关系。结果表明，结瘤豆科植物的根系松软，颜色较浅，为白色或土黄色；不能结瘤的植物根系坚硬，颜色较深，为黑色或深褐色。石蜡切片观察，结瘤豆科植物和非结瘤豆科植物在根的表皮部分存在着明显差异，而在皮层和中柱部分差异不明显。非结瘤豆科植物的表皮细胞排列致密且整齐；而结瘤豆科植物表皮细胞较薄，切片时容易收缩破损。非结瘤豆科植物的根表皮细胞外切向壁的厚度比结瘤豆科植物的要厚，颜色也较深。豆科植物的表皮细胞外切向壁厚度似乎能够反映豆科植物从不结瘤到结瘤的进化过程。     

Life cycles of individual roots in fine root system of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.

Recent studies have remarked on differences in the life cycles of individual fine roots. However, the dynamics of individual roots with different life cycles, such as ephemeral and perennial, during root system development are still unknown. We examined individual roots during fine root system development in a mature stand of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. (Cupressaceae) using the sequential ingrowth core method and an anatomical method. The visual classification, i.e., orange, red, brown, intact dead, and fragmented dead, of fine roots corresponded well with the anatomical classification. Orange and red roots contained passage cells, and brown roots contained cork cambium. The proportions of protoxylem groups differed among visual classes. Brown secondary roots were mainly triarch (43%) and tetrarch (40%) and rarely diarch (12%), whereas fragmented dead roots, which constituted more than 95% of the dead roots, were mainly diarch (67%). These results imply that triarch and tetrarch roots tend to form secondary roots, whereas diarch roots tend to become dead roots without secondary growth. Using the numbers of root tips and clusters, root system development could be classified into three stages: colonization, branching within the root system, and maintenance. During the colonization stage, mainly triarch and tetrarch roots, which tend to be secondary growth, invaded ingrowth cores. During the branching stage, primarily diarch roots, which tend to be ephemeral, emerged. Fine root system development involved the recruitment of different individual roots during the life cycle depending on the growth stage.     

基于微课的动物解剖与组织胚胎学翻转课堂教学模式探究

为了提高学生对动物解剖与组织胚胎学课程的学习效果,结合教学过程中积累的经验,将翻转课堂教学模式引入教学中,探究基于微课的动物解剖与组织胚胎学翻转课堂教学模式,提出具体实施方案及授课流程,在教学过程中进行初步应用,并评估该教学方法的有效性和可接受性。     

八点黑獭兔消化器官形态结构的研究

分别对30～40日龄、60～90日龄、120～150日龄、180日龄以上4个阶段八点黑獭兔消化管的长度进行测定并对其有关结构进行观察描述。结果显示：40～90日龄期间消化管处在不断的生长发育中,并研究发现结肠狭窄部（长度4-5cm）,回盲口与盲结口分开,直肠长度5-6cm,胃容积的大小与供料多少有密切关系。研究结果为我国家兔解剖学补充了新的内容。     

《动物解剖学》教学改革与思考

为了激发学生对《动物解剖学》课程的学习兴趣,提高该课程的教学效果,对《动物解剖学》的教学内容、教学方法和考核方式进行了探索和教学实践。在教学内容上,引入该学科新的进展和新技术,变机械记忆为理解记忆;综合应用多媒体技术,增强教学的直观性;采用多种形式、多层次的考核方式激发学习动力。通过各种改革,提高了学生的学习积极性和兴趣,同时也提高了教学质量。     

结构植物学在茄子单性结实选育上的应用进展

茄子的单性结实品系和非单性结实品系的果实在形态结构方面存在着较大差异,从茄子在植物形态解剖学、植物细胞学和胚胎学现今研究成果出发,就结构植物学在茄子单性结实选育上的应用进行了阐述。     

PP_(333)对温室葡萄枝条次生木质部细胞解剖结构的影响

为了研究设施栽培条件下葡萄木质部细胞的特征性结构及其受PP_(333)的影响,试验通过对温室葡萄喷施PP_(333)后的枝条次生木质部细胞的解离、观察,经统计分析,结果表明:(1)不同浓度PP333处理对各类型细胞的X形态结构没有明显影响;(2)浓度不同对各类细胞的长度和直径抑制作用不同,喷施1500mg/L浓度的PP_(333)对其营养生长的抑制效果最好。通过该试验的研究,为更好地探索设施栽培条件下果树的生理生态特征和化学调控技术提供了依据。     

Anatomy of Vitis Berries During Their Coloring

During 1998-1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43 accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild species). External observation showed that the berries of most species began coloring on the fruit top surface or on the sun-lit surface, and the berry surface color was evenly distributed when the berry was ripe.Internal observation revealed that the pigment cells in a few layers between cuticle and sub-cuticle colored first, the cuticle colored from inner layers to outer layers while the sub-cuticle from outer to inner, and the cuticle cells began coloring a little earlier than the sub-cuticle ones in most species. The pigment cells developed unevenly during the berry ripening. In the beginning of berry coloring, the cell pigment density among the layers or among the cells in the same layer was different. Both the numbers of the pigmented cells and the cell pigment density increased during the berry coloring, while the former lasted a short time; however, the latter kept increasing from veraison to ripeness, and they reached the deepest color when the berry was ripe.     

翅果沙芥和距沙芥营养器官的解剖学观察

本文对沙芥属（Pugionium)的2个种——翅果沙芥（P.pterocarpum Kom.)、距沙芥（P.calcaraturm Kom.)根、花序轴、叶做了解剖学观察。结果表明这2种植物属于肉质多浆类植物，体内薄壁组织发达，适于作为食用植物予以开发。它们的花序轴表皮具发达的角质层、“异形细胞”、气孔，皮层薄壁细胞中含有大量的叶绿体，维管束为双韧维管束。另外翅果沙芥和距沙芥具有二元型的初生根，老根肉质化。它们的营养器官有分泌细胞等十字花科植物的特征。另外，本文讨论了沙芥属4个种在解剖结构的异、同点。     

柑桔枝叶形态解剖特征与抗寒性的关系

将35个柑桔品种、类型的枝叶形态解剖观测的数值,分别与冻害级数进行相关回归分析。春梢越冬期木栓层厚度与冻害级数极显著的负相关(r=-0.9266),春叶叶面积与冻害级数呈极显著的正相关(r=0.8144),均可作为柑桔抗寒性鉴定的主要指标。春叶栅栏组织厚度与叶厚的比值与冻害级数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.5455),可作为柑桔抗寒性鉴定的重要补充指标。叶下表皮气孔密度与冻害级数呈极显著正相关(r=0.4748),可作为抗寒性鉴定的参考指标。上述指标测试较为简便且准确。