Anaesthetic management for balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog

A three-month-old female Rottweiler puppy was referred for intravascular correction of a previously identified cor triatriatum dexter. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a hyperechoic membrane that divided the right atrium into a cranial and caudal chamber. A foramen in this membrane allowed the blood to flow from the caudal to the cranial chamber. Balloon dilation of the defect under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance was scheduled for the following day. The dog was premedicated with 0.5 μg/kg sufentanil and 0.2 mg/kg midazolam administered intravenously. General anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with inhaled isoflurane in oxygen; at the same time, a constant rate infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h sufentanil was administered by means of an infusion pump. Uneventful ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias developed during the placement of catheters and balloon dilation. At the end of procedure, when the guide wire and balloon catheter were removed, normal sinus rhythm was observed. To the authors’ knowledge, no previous reports have described the anaesthetic management of a balloon dilation procedure for cor triatriatum dexter in dogs.     

四种协同杀虫成分作用方式研究

从紫穗槐叶和茎中提取得到 4种成分 :6a、 12a -脱氢 -α -灰叶酚 ,6a、 12a -脱氢 -鱼藤素 ,(± ) -灰叶素 ,(- ) - 6 -羟基 - 6a、 12a -脱氢 -灰叶酚 ,依次按 1:2 5 4:4 18:2 5 4的比例 ,配制成浓度 0 2 %的乳液 ,对大皱腮金龟甲成虫具有协同胃毒和麻醉作用 ,在室内表现为可逆形式 ,经反复麻醉后 ,害虫终因机能衰竭无力再行取食而死亡。在野外害虫连续取食一定量毒叶可一次死亡 ,此过程不可逆     

不同剂量静松灵对犬麻醉效果的观察

将25条成年犬,随机分成5组,每组5条。每组犬分别按不同剂量肌肉注射2％的静松灵,给药后间隔不同时间观测麻醉效果。结果表明:按3.97mg/kg的剂量麻醉,效果最佳,再配合普鲁卡因局麻,可进行多种手术。     

Assessment of ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia in the New Zealand White rabbit

Objective To compare the characteristics of anaesthesia induced with four dose combinations of ketamine/medetomidine. Design Prospective randomized study. Animals Five female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits of approximately 2.3 kg. Methods Rabbits were given one of four drug combinations (25/0.25; 15/0.5; 15/0.25 and 10/0.5 mg kg^?1 IM) on four successive occasions with a four day interval. Response to injection and then arterial blood gas and cardiovascular parameters were recorded at predetermined time points. Toe and ear pinch reflexes gave measures of total duration of surgical anaesthesia and total sleep time. Analyses used repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Induction was smooth with little reaction to injection and intubation achieved easily. Two combinations (15/0.25, 10/0.5) produced moderate hypoxaemia (mean pO₂ < 8.0 kPa) and two (25/0.25, 15/0.5) very marked hypoxaemia (mean pO₂ < 5.3 kPa). This was reversed within 15 minutes of oxygen administration and all rabbits recovered uneventfully. Heart rates fell in all cases, with only minimal effects on arterial blood pressure and no cardiac arrhythmias. Mean duration of surgical anaesthesia was significantly longer for dose groups 25/0.25 (57 ± 12 minutes) and 15/0.5 (59 ± 17 minutes, p = 0.01) compared to dose group 15/0.25 (27 ± 8 minutes). Only three animals in the 10/0.5 mg kg^?1 group achieved surgical anaesthesia. Mean duration of loss of the ear pinch reflex was similar between doses, being, respectively, 64 ± 13, 81 ± 7, 60 ± 22 and 62 ± 24 minutes. Sleep time was significantly longer for the 15/0.5 dose (112 ± 10 minutes) compared to 15/0.25 (86 ± 22 minutes, p = 0.04). Sleep times for the 25/0.25 and 10/0.5 mg kg^?1 doses were, respectively, 103 ± 23 and 108 ± 12 minutes. Conclusions Ketamine/medetomidine reliably produces smooth induction and recovery in the NZW rabbit, but due to the degree of hypoxaemia produced, should only be used with simultaneous provision of oxygen. Clinical relevance Currently recommended dose rates of ketamine/medetomidine for minor procedures such as ovariohysterectomy in rabbits (25 mg/0.5 mg kg^?1) are unnecessarily high; a dose of 15/0.25 mg kg^?1 should be adequate for 15–30 minutes of surgical anaesthesia.     

Cardiorespiratory and anaesthetic effects of two continuous rate infusions of dexmedetomidine in alfaxalone anaesthetized dogs

Six Beagles were used in this prospective randomised crossover experimental study. Dexmedetomidine was administered at 0, 1 or 2 μg/kg IV for group C, LDA and HDA, respectively. Animals were induced and maintained with alfaxalone at 0.07 mg/kg/min with a CRI dexmedetomidine dose of 0, 0.5 or 1 μg/kg/h for group C, LDA and HDA, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables, arterial blood gases and depth of anaesthesia were recorded. The recovery times and quality of recovery were scored. Group HDA produced a greater increase in the depth of anaesthesia than LDA. However, with both protocols, CI was halved compared to normal values in dogs. The use of oxygen before and during the anaesthetic maintenance is advisable, mainly if dexmedetomidine is going to be use as a pre-medicant and maintenance agent. The quality of recovery was better in groups receiving dexmedetomidine, without causing an increase in recovery time.     

Perioperative mortality in small animal anaesthesia

Anaesthetic complications have been studied intermittently in small animal practice. Current estimates suggest that approximately 0.1–0.2% of healthy and 0.5–2% of sick dogs and cats die of an anaesthetic-related death. This is substantially greater than the risk of mortality reported in human anaesthesia. Recent work has identified the post-operative period as the highest risk period and has documented a number of risk factors for mortality. Knowledge of factors associated with anaesthetic-related death and high risk peri-operative periods could aid patient management and reduce complications.     

化学麻醉与电麻醉对史氏鲟幼鱼血液指标的影响

[目的]探讨史氏鲟幼鱼适宜的麻醉方法。[方法]利用全自动生化分析仪和血液分析仪,比较了MS-222、丁香油和直流电3种不同麻醉方法对史氏鲟幼鱼血液指标的影响。[结果]与对照组史氏鲟幼鱼血液比较,MS-222组血糖（GLU）、尿素氮（BUN）和红细胞比容（HCT）差异显著（P〈0.05）,丁香油组BUN、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）差异显著（P〈0.05）,电麻醉组GLU、BUN和红细胞总数（RBC）差异显著（P〈0.05）。丁香油组史氏鲟幼鱼GLU浓度显著高于MS-222组和直流电组,且丁香油组ALT和AST浓度显著高于MS-222组。[结论]3种麻醉法对史氏鲟幼鱼血液均有影响,电麻醉耗时较短,化学麻醉操作简便,可因地制宜地选用。     

Comparison of the arterial blood gas,arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in rabbits

The effects of sevoflurane or isoflurane on arterial blood gas, arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation and end-tidal CO2 tension were monitored during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in 10 premedicated New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.For induction, the anaesthetic agents were delivered via a face-mask. After induction was completed, an endotracheal tube was introduced for maintenance of anaesthesia for a period of 90 minutes. Changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas, arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation, blood pH and end-tidal CO2 tension were recorded. Although sevoflurane and isoflurane produce similar cardiopulmonary effects in premedicated rabbits, sevoflurane provides a smoother and faster induction because of its lower blood/gas partition coefficient. Thus sevoflurane is probably a more suitable agent than isoflurane for mask induction and maintenance. Its lower blood solubility also makes sevoflurane more satisfactory than isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia because it allows the anaesthetist to change the depth of anaesthesia more rapidly.     

四种协同杀虫成分作用方式研究

从紫穗槐叶和茎中提取得到4种成分： 6a、12a—脱氢—α—灰叶酚,6a、12a—脱氢—鱼藤素,（±）—灰叶素,（－）—6—羟基—6a、12a—脱氢—灰叶酚,依次按1：2.54：4.18：2.54的比例,配制成浓度0.2%的乳液,对大皱腮金龟甲成虫具有协同胃毒和麻醉作用,在室内表现为可逆形式,经反复麻醉后,害虫终因机能衰竭无力再行取食而死亡。在野外害虫连续取食一定量毒叶可一次死亡,此过程不可逆。     

Doppler blood pressure measurement in pigs during anaesthesia

To determine the accuracy of Doppler blood pressure measurement in anaesthetised pigs eight large white pigs (Sus scrofa) were anaesthetised with zolazepam and tiletamine as Zoletil 100 (4 mg/kg) and xylazine (2 mg/kg) by intramuscular injection followed by isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Blood pressure measurements were recorded using a Doppler probe on the radial artery and a catheter in the femoral artery connected to a transducer. The sample mean of the Doppler measurements were compared with the sample mean of the invasive systolic arterial blood pressure while accounting for the heart rate, end-tidal CO₂ and temperature. The predicted error of the Doppler was greatest when pigs were hypotensive and normothermic: 11 mmHg (CI: 6–15). Doppler measurements should be interpreted with caution in anaesthetised pigs that are hypotensive and normothermic.