分阶段储粮降温通风的比较研究

采用试验观测的方法,对钢板仓仓储小麦分别进行不通风、两阶段和三阶段降温通风研究和分析。研究发现,相对于秋季两阶段通风而言,夏季增加一个通风阶段更有利于提高降温效果。在为期两年的试验中,在夏季合适的气温条件下,用较小的通风量进行降温通风,小麦有足够的时间与温度低于24℃的空气接触达到冷却的目的。然而,由于夜间空气温度低、湿度大的特点导致粮食最终温度高于24℃,同时由于送风湿度大的原因,粮食的水分也会相应增大。     

土壤透气性及粘土颗粒比表面积与粘土颗粒粒度分布分形维数关系

采用数字显微系统测定了部分华南地区土壤中粘土颗粒粒径分布分形维数值,提出了土壤中粘土颗粒群粒度分布分形维数的几何法计算模型,并就这种分形维数与土壤比表面积和土壤透气性等性质的相互关系作了初步探讨。结果表明,采用数字显微系统测定的粘土颗粒粒径分布分形维数值介于2.2708到2.9483之间,与常规方法测定结果吻合;含砂较多的土壤样品,BET比表面积和Blaine透气时间随粒度分布分形维数值增大而减小;含粘粒较多的土壤样品,BET比表面积和Blaine透气时间同随粒度分布分形维数值增大而增大。     

一种新型鼓泡曝气装置的研究

一种由增强ＰＶＣ材料制成的微孔曝气软管，外径２５ｍｍ，其管壁上有不通的锥孔，锥顶接近外表面，大端孔径０．０５ｍｍ，每米管长有２万个孔。在充气压力下，锥孔打开，并产生０．２５～１ｍｍ的气泡，额定过流能力为１ｍ^３／（ｈ·ｍ），试验表明该管有较高的增氧能力和增氧动力效率（４～６ｋｇ／ｋＷ·ｈ），可广泛用于污水处理和水产养殖     

Evaluation of New Container Media for Aglaonema Production

Mandated processing of waste by‐products in the United States has inspired national interest in addressing the effectiveness of using composted biosolids and yard trimmings to grow containerized plants. Diamond bay Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema ‘Diamond Bay’) was transplanted in containers filled with one of eight formulated media (components added by volume). Medium 1 was a standard mix commonly used in Aglaonema production (5:2:3 peat–vermiculite–perlite); medium 2 was formulated on site to contain peat–bark–stalite–rice hulls–coir (2:2:3:1:2); media 3 and 4 contained 40% biosolid–yard waste compost instead of peat and with or without 20% stalite, respectively; and media 5, 6, 7, and 8 were commercially formulated to contain peat–bark–perlite–rice hulls–coir (4:1.5:2.5:1:1, 4:1.5:2.5:1:1, 4:2:2:1:1, and 3.0:2.5:2:1:1.5, respectively). Physical and chemical properties of the eight media were in ranges 50–65% container water‐holding capacity, 2.9–7.8% air‐filled porosity, 55–80% moisture (w/w), 0.11–0.37 g·cm³ bulk density, 0.34–0.96 g·cm³ particle density, 4.2–7.2 pH, 0.12–4.4 dS·m^?1 electrical conductivity (EC), 27.3–54.5 meg/100 g cation exchange capacity (CEC), 17.9–39.0% carbon (C), and 0.22–1.7% nitrogen (N). Medium 4 (40% compost) had 5.5 times more ammoniacal N (NH₄‐N) and 1.7 times more nitrate N (NO₃‐N) than that of the standard commercial mix. At week 8, plants grown in media 2 and 5 were 8.9% to 9.5% taller than plants grown in medium 1 (commercial standard). At week 16, there were no significant differences in plant heights or growth indices among media. At week 24, there were no significant differences in plant height, growth index, visual quality, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight among media. However, cumulative phosphorus (P) leaching from media 1, 4, and 5 was significantly more than leaching from media 2 and 8. This study suggests that compost may serve as a horticulturally suitable and cost‐effective alternative to peat‐based media for Aglaonema production.     

根区通气方式对番茄根际气体环境及基质理化性质的影响

为改善根际气体环境,研究3种不同根区通气方式,即根区水平通气(Q1)、根区垂直通气(Q2)和自然渗透(Q3)(以无通气处理为对照),对番茄根区气体环境及基质理化性质的影响。结果表明,通气处理明显改善了根区气体环境,O2体积分数以Q1处理为最高,而CO2体积分数以对照为最高;各通气处理的基质体积质量和相对体积质量均降低,而通气处理基质的持水量、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和通气孔隙度均有所增加。碱解氮和速效磷含量以Q2处理为最高,速效钾和有机质含量以Q1处理为最高。     

净化槽反应器处理生活污水及曝气量对处理效果的影响

[目的]为研发适用于农村的污水处理技术提供技术支持。[方法]设计了采用二级厌氧生物滤床和接触氧化处理工艺的一体化污水处理净化槽,并考察不同曝气量对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳曝气量。[结果]当曝气量为0.1～0.3 m3/h时,溶解氧浓度（DO）随曝气量的增加而增高。COD去除率在曝气量最高时达到94%,但随着曝气量的增加,变化幅度逐渐减小。在氧气供给充足的情况下,出水NH3-N在10 mg/L以下,而在曝气量较低的情况下,NH3-N去除率有明显下降。[结论]该净化槽反应器可实现污水的有效处理。当曝气量为0.1～0.3 m3/h时,污水处理效果随曝气量的增加而提高。     

增氧提高蔬菜磷素吸收利用的作用机制研究进展

磷素的吸收利用率低是制约蔬菜生产的重要障碍因子之一,蔬菜根系形态和生理特性的适应性变化是高效利用土壤磷的主要生物学机制。当前磷肥的过量施用导致蔬菜根际环境的恶化,而根际环境对蔬菜的根系形态结构、根系活力和植株生理反应也都会产生反馈影响。本文从氧营养的角度,以根系为核心,综述了国内外提高蔬菜磷素利用率的途径,根系与根际环境互作对蔬菜磷素利用率的响应,并剖析了增氧促进根系生长及改善根际环境提高蔬菜对磷的吸收及利用的生物学机制,从而为提高蔬菜磷肥利用效率、减少蔬菜地磷肥投入量提供理论依据。     

Vertical Water Circulation Capabilities of an Electric Paddle Wheel Aerator and Dissolved Oxygen Loss Due to Daytime Aeration

ABSTRACT

Vertical water circulation by the paddle wheel aerator was determined by measuring dissolved oxygen profiles in a 3.6-m deep watershed pond during daylight hours, using aerated and non-aerated treatments. The paddle wheel aerator circulated the well-oxygenated surface water to the pond bottom, producing a uniform dissolved oxygen profile in the aerated treatment, while the non-aerated treatment maintained high dissolved oxygen concentrations near the surface with low dissolved oxygen concentrations near the pond bottom. The aerated treatment contained 35.6% less dissolved oxygen than the non-aerated treatment after four hours as a result of operating the aerator during the daytime. The paddle wheel aerator, with a shallow (10 cm) paddle immersion, is effective in vertically circulating water in deeper ponds. However, substantial loss of dissolved oxygen may result from operating the aerator on days with high rates of photosynthesis.     

Aeration strategy for controlling grain storage based on simulation and on real data acquisition

In this work a new control strategy for grain aeration systems was proposed. This strategy was implemented in a software package called AERO and relates four conditions which depend on real time data acquisition and on the process simulation. The main advantage of AERO controller is that it can be used in different geographic regions, during different seasons and with different aeration systems, automatically adjusting its set points. The objectives of AERO controller are to equalize the temperatures inside the bin, to cool the grain mass whenever is possible and to maintain the moisture content under safe conditions. The results showed that the proposed strategy is efficient to achieve these objectives. Moreover, significant energy saving has been achieved with the AERO controller.     

太行山前冲洪积扇地区土壤水分动态变化特征研究

土壤水分含量对土壤物理性质和植被生长状态有重要影响，但土壤水分在时间上具有一定的变异性。大规模开采地下水导致地下水位急剧下降，包气带不断增厚，使土壤水分的储存、运移和转化发生了变化，影响了土壤水的动态变化特征。本研究利用连续多年的土壤水分观测数据，分析了太行山前包气带土壤水分动态变化特征，结果表明：土壤含水量受丰水年枯水年影响存在年际差异，根据不同季节土壤水分的动态特点，可将其划分为三个时期，即土壤水分消耗期土壤水分累积期和土壤水分相对稳定期。在垂向上，土壤含水量从上层向下逐渐增大，土壤水分变异程度随土壤深度的增加而减弱。