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文章采用离子色谱法,结合在线渗析技术对水产品中多聚磷酸盐的质量分数进行了测定。该方法测定多聚磷酸盐离子在质量浓度0—10.0mg·L-1线性关系良好,相关系数达到0.999。检出限为3.0~10μg·L-1,回收率为95.8%~104%,连续进样检测值相对标准偏差小于10%。试验结果显示该法分离度好,灵敏度高,检测结果准确,操作方便快速,适合水产品中多聚磷酸盐的测定。  相似文献   
2.
Abstract

When in‐row subsoilers are used to plant crops in no‐tillage systems, starter fertilizers are often applied in the in‐row subsoil track. Although rates applied are small, the actual concentration within the rooting zone can be excessive, and injury to germinating seed and young plants can be severe. The purpose of this greenhouse study was to determine the effect of starter fertilizer placement, rate, and source on germination, growth, and nutrient uptake ef corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Fertilizers were surface applied, mixed with the upper 7.5‐cm, 7.5‐ to 15‐cm and the 0‐ to 15‐cm soil depths. Fertilizer rates were equivalent to 15 and 30 kg/ha of field applied P. Sources were diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18–46–0) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP, 10–34–0). Treatments did not affect germination, but the surface application resulted in severe crust formation which had to be mechanically broken. Plant heights and weights and root weights were increased by fertilizer. Nitrogen was primarily responsible for increased plant growth 2 weeks after emergence, but P appeared to have the greatest effect at 4 and 6 weeks. Although seedling death or severe damage to plants did not result from any source, rate, or application zone, some damage did occur. Optimum treatments varied with sampling dates, but after 6 weeks, optimum treatments in terms of greatest root and shoot weights and plant heights were the low rate of APP mixed with the 0‐ to 7.5‐ or the 0‐ to 15‐cm soil depths.  相似文献   
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【目的】多聚磷是丛枝菌根内磷的主要贮存形式,定性、定量观察多聚磷对于解析菌根中磷代谢具有重要意义。随着植物体内越来越多的参与菌根真菌与寄主植物之间营养交换过程的基因被鉴定,迫切需要进一步提高根内菌根共生结构和多聚磷累积的染色和定位分析技术。【方法】本研究利用丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae侵染的大豆植株,采集新鲜根样制片,一部分薄根片利用低浓度荧光染料麦胚凝集素,室温染色30 min,在波长488 nm的蓝光激发下使用荧光显微镜观察拍照;另一部分薄根片利用荧光染料4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐(DAPI)进行染色,在波长405 nm紫外光激发下观察并拍照;进一步取新鲜制备的薄根片,先后用以上两种荧光染料进行染色,分别在波长405 nm和488 nm的激发光下观察并拍照,完成了菌根共生结构和多聚磷的共定位。【结果】1)使用荧光染料麦胚凝集素,大豆丛枝菌根真菌侵染结构的荧光标记活性染色法,可以清晰地检测到大豆丛枝菌根中所有的共生结构,包括丛枝,泡囊和根内菌丝等。2)在丛枝菌根真菌侵染的根中,各种共生结构都呈现出黄色荧光,为DAPI与多聚磷结合在紫外光激发下的呈色。根段中部分细胞内的蓝白色斑点为DAPI与细胞核中DNA结合的显色结果。在含有成熟丛枝结构的细胞中,也可观察到大部分丛枝呈蓝白色,主要是丛枝膜质结构的呈色。因此,利用荧光染料4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐染色法定位多聚磷,能很好地区分多聚磷酸盐、DNA和膜质。3)在以上研究的基础上,通过荧光光路的切换,可以同时观察到菌根共生结构和多聚磷的共定位。处于发育阶段的整个丛枝中多聚磷累积的亮黄色清晰可见。在成熟的丛枝中,由于膜质结构发达,对累积在丛枝结构中的多聚磷的染色观察产生了一定影响,导致仅仅局部的多聚磷累积清晰可见。【结论】本研究建立的大豆菌根共生结构与多聚磷累积的双定位分析系统,能够直观观察植物与丛枝菌根真菌的养分交换,清晰地对丛枝菌根共生结构中多聚磷的累积进行定位分析,可作为从组织和细胞水平研究菌根共生体的重要技术手段。  相似文献   
4.
Polyphosphate‐based fertilizers are worldwide in use, and their effect on crop yield is often reported to be similar to orthophosphate products, although some studies showed higher yields with polyphosphate applications. However, information on how these fertilizers may influence plant P acquisition is very limited. A pot experiment was carried out under controlled conditions with corn (Zea mays L.) growing on a sandy soil (pH 4.9) and a silty‐loam soil (pH 6.9) differing in P‐sorption properties. The objective was to evaluate phosphorus fertilizer–use efficiency (PFUE) of several polyphosphate (poly‐P) compounds (pyrophosphate [PP], tripolyphosphate [TP], and trimetaphosphate [TMP]) using orthophosphate (OP) as a reference. Focus was put on evaluating plant parameters involved in plant P acquisition, i.e., root length and P uptake per unit of root length. Furthermore, soil P availability was characterized by measuring ortho‐P and poly‐P concentrations in soil solution as well as in CAL (calcium‐acetate‐lactate) extracts. The P availability was differentially influenced by the different P sources and the different soils. In the silty‐loam soil, the application of poly‐P resulted in higher ortho‐P concentrations in soil solution. In the same soil, CAL‐extractable ortho‐P was similar for all P sources, whereas in the sandy soil, this parameter was higher after OP application. In the silty‐loam soil, poly‐P concentrations were very low in soil solution or in CAL extracts, whereas in the sandy soil, poly‐P concentrations were significantly higher. Phosphorus fertilizer–use efficiency was significantly higher for poly‐P treatments in the silty‐loam soil and were related to a higher root length since no differences in the P uptake per unit of root length among poly‐P and OP treatments were found. However, in the sandy soil, no differences in PFUE between OP and poly‐P treatments were observed. Therefore, PFUE of poly‐P compounds could be explained by better root growth, thereby improving plant P acquisition.  相似文献   
5.
中聚合度磷酸铵的合成及其对木材阻燃处理的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
系统地论述了中聚合度磷酸铵阻燃剂的合成、阻燃液的配制方法,全面地测定了阻燃木材的耐火性能、力学性能(抗弯、顺纹抗压强度)和应用情况(对铁钉腐蚀性,对表面涂层影响作用和吸湿性)。试验结果表明,上述各项综合性能均较理想,中聚合度磷酸铵作为木材阻燃剂可推广应用。  相似文献   
6.
用红外光谱法测定聚磷酸铵晶体结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探索鉴别Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵产品结构的有效方法,测定了用X-射线衍射法确定为Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型的聚磷酸铵的红外光谱,结果发现Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵晶体在红外光谱中存在明显的区别:Ⅰ-型聚磷酸铵在760、680、600cm^-1附近出现吸收峰,而Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵在这三处不出现吸收峰。从而确定了使用红外光谱法测定Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵晶体结构的可行性。  相似文献   
7.
聚磷酸铵的晶体结构   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
为探索鉴别聚磷酸铵产品结构类型的有效方法,对收集的5个聚磷酸铵样品,进行X-射线衍射测试和分析,确定了结构类型、晶胞参数和结晶度。其结果对生产工艺有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   
8.
用31P核磁共振研究鸡腿肉中4种多聚磷酸钠的水解   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
用31P核磁共振技术(NMR)研究了添加到鸡腿肉(CT)中的焦磷酸四钠(TSPP)、焦磷酸二氢二钠(DSPP)、三聚磷酸钠(STPP)和六偏磷酸钠(HMP)的水解变化。按200 mL.kg-1的比例分别将5种腌制液(50 g.kg-1NaC l、50 g.kg-1NaC l 60 g.kg-1TSPP、50 g.kg-1NaC l 60 g.kg-1DSPP、50 g.kg-1NaC l 60 g.kg-1STPP、50 g.kg-1NaC l 60 g.kg-1HMP)均匀注入鸡腿肉样品中3。1P核磁共振技术分析结果表明,TSPP、DSPP和STPP在鸡腿肉中均发生水解。TSPP和DSPP水解成正磷酸钠,STPP水解成焦磷酸钠和正磷酸钠,生成的焦磷酸钠又被水解成正磷酸钠。DSPP的水解速度比TSPP慢得多,10 h时DSPP相对含量仍然为0.62,TSPP相对含量仅为0.21。STPP在10 h时水解完全,而此时水解产生的焦磷酸钠的相对含量高达0.49。HMP在鸡腿肉中比较稳定,没有水解产生焦磷酸盐。  相似文献   
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