腰果酚基增塑剂对乙酰木粉复合材料的性能影响(英文)

利用熔融挤出-注塑的方法制得乙酰化木粉(AWF)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合材料,在制备过程中分别将腰果酚基乙酸酯(CA)和环氧腰果酚基乙酸酯(ECA)增塑剂添加到复合材料中。对复合材料的力学性能、吸水率、表面能、增塑剂热迁移和热机械性能(TMA)进行了研究。结果表明:随着增塑剂含量的增加,材料的力学性能不断下降,但整体而言由CA制备的复合材料的力学强度相比更高;吸水率测试显示材料的疏水性能在增塑剂质量分数为5%时差别不大,但添加量为15%时由CA制备的材料具有更好的疏水性;接触角测试也验证了其界面极性最小。在85℃及100 min内ECA的热迁移常数(4.35×10-4)相比CA的(5.48×10-4)要小,同时随着时间延长至3 700 min时ECA在材料中的保留更好。TMA结果显示随着温度的增大材料的膨胀加剧,加入15%的ECA的复合材料在高温段的线膨胀系数(3 758μm/(m·℃))要明显高于对应的加入CA的材料的线膨胀系数(3 182μm/(m·℃))。     

腰果酚基乙酸酯增塑剂的合成及其增塑聚氯乙烯性能

为了进一步利用农林剩余物资源替代石化原料,该研究以腰果酚为原料,通过对其酚羟基进行酯化改性,制备腰果酚基乙酸酯(cardanol acetate,CA)增塑剂。采用核磁共振氢谱(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H NMR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C nuclear magnetic resonance,13C NMR)对产物的结构进行表征。通过动态力学性能(dynamic thermo mechanical analysis,DMA),拉伸性能测试,热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TGA),以及与聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)共混样品的傅里叶红外分析(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)等方法,评价腰果酚基乙酸酯作为辅助增塑剂应用于软质聚氯乙烯的增塑效果,并与商业增塑剂对苯二甲二辛酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate,DOTP)进行对比。研究结果表明,m(DOTP)∶m(CA)=4∶6为较佳配伍比例,共混体系的玻璃化转变温度由41.52℃降低至35.93℃,断裂伸长率由244.75%增加到了302.13%,热稳定性及相容性均得到有效改善,因此腰果酚基乙酸酯可用作聚氯乙烯的优良辅助增塑剂。研究结果为腰果酚在增塑剂领域的应用提供了参考。     

海藻酸钠溶液的流变学特性研究

海藻酸钠溶液具有一定的粘稠度和成膜性,可作为动物性食品防腐保鲜的涂膜物质,其流变学特性主要与增塑剂、溶液浓度、温度和pH 值等有关。     

Effect of Plasticizers on Properties of Rice Straw Fiber Film

In order to improve the properties of rice straw fiber film, one factor contrast test method was employed. Plasticizer type was chosen as input variable, dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and elongation, bursting strength and tearing strength were chosen as indexes. The results showed that there were significant differences among the means of dry tension strength, dry elongation and bursting strength of different plasticizers; there were not significant differences among the means of wet tension strength, wet elongation and tearing strength of different plasticizers; for dry tension strength and elongation, glycerol had a significant difference with sorbitol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between sorbitol and PEG, dry tension strength added glycerol had been reduced 6.8% compared with that added sorbitol, reduced 9.5% compared with that added PEG; elongation had been improved 6.1% and 9.4%, respectively; for bursting strength, sorbitol had a significant difference with glycerol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between glycerol and PEG; bursting strength added glycerol and added PEG had been improved 6.9% and 5.6%, respectively compared with that of the added sorbitol. The results provided a theoretical reference for further improving the straw fiber film manufacturing process.     

含磷型聚合甘油脂肪酸酯阻燃增塑剂的制备与应用

为了提高油脂增塑剂的阻燃性,开发以生物柴油副产粗甘油为直接原料的高附加值产品,以粗甘油、油酸和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为主原料,经聚合、酯化、环氧化和开环反应,合成含磷型大分子阻燃增塑剂DOPO-环氧乙酰化聚合甘油脂肪酸酯(DOPO-EAPFAE),并通过红外谱图(FT-IR)和核磁共振(~1H NMR)确认了其结构。研究了DOPO-EAPFAE用量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)体系力学性能的影响;通过对PVC样条的热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)测定和垂直燃烧测试等,分析了PVC制品的热稳定性和阻燃性能。结果表明:当DOPOEAPFAE代替邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)用量为60%时,PVC样条仍具有良好的力学性能;而LOI从21.3上升到了28.7,阻燃级别达到V0级;说明该阻燃增塑剂可有效地改善PVC增塑体系的阻燃性。与小分子阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)相比,DOPO-EAPFAE阻燃性不仅优于TCPP,而且具有更好的热稳定性能。     

提高竹丝板尺寸稳定性的研究

研究酚醛树脂胶黏剂固体含量、常温软化、加热软化时间以及增塑剂质量分数,对竹丝板尺寸稳定性影响。结果表明,提高树脂固体含量以及同时进行软化处理,可明显提高竹丝板的尺寸稳定性;增塑剂用量需在6%以上时,才能发挥作用。     

Effect of Super Plasticizer on Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag

With polynaphthalene sulphona, lingosulphonate based plasticizer, Sodium gluconate, Mortar plasticizer, C18H29SO3Na, C15H34ClN, the performance of alkali-activated slag mortar was teseed. The results show that lingosulphonate based plasticizer and polynaphthalene sulphona have some plasticizing effect for alkali-activated slag mortar, and the effect of the former than the latter obviously. Plasticizing effect of polynaphthalene sulphona compound mixed with air-entraining agent than single-doped polynaphthalene sulphona obviously. Plasticizing effect of polynaphthalene sulphona compound mixed with lingosulphonate based plasticizer than single-doped super plasticizer obviously. When the same amount of water, lingosulphonate based plasticizer can increase the early strength of alkali activated slag mortar, polynaphthalene sulphona can reduce the early strength. The incorporation of slag in the mix of alkali and super plasticizer can increase the strength of alkali activated slag mortar. Lingosulphonate based plasticizer on the setting time of alkali-activated slag have a greater impact,alkali-activated slag mixed lingosulphonate based plasticizer fluidity smaller through time.     

Sorption in reconstituted waxes of homologous series of alcohol ethoxylates and n-alkyl esters and their effects on the mobility of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid

Equilibrium sorption of n-alkyl esters (dimethyl suberate, diethyl suberate, diethyl sebacate, dibutyl suberate and dibutyl sebacate) and monodisperse alcohol ethoxylates (diethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether) between the reconstituted cuticular waxes of Stephanotis floribunda Brongn (Madagascar jasmine) or Hordeum vulgare L (barley) leaves and an external aqueous receptor solution was determined. Logarithms of the wax/receptor partition coefficient (K(wax/rec)) of the n-alkyl esters increased linearly with the number of C-atoms. With alcohol ethoxylates, log K(wax/rec) decreased linearly with the number of ethylene oxide units. For both groups of compounds, K(wax/rec) increased with increasing lipophilicity. The values of K(wax/rec) in Stephanotis wax were between 5 and 16 times higher than in barley wax. It is argued that this difference was due to different chemical composition and crystallinity of the waxes. Mobility of [14C]2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) in reconstituted Stephanotis and barley wax was increased by a factor of 2-8 by both n-alkyl esters and alcohol ethoxylates. Effects on the mobility of 2,4-DB were linearly related to the internal concentrations of n-alkyl esters and alcohol ethoxylates in reconstituted Stephanotis or barley wax. At the same internal concentrations the effect of n-alkyl esters on the mobility of 2,4-DB in wax exceeded that of alcohol ethoxylates by between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude. Results are discussed in relation to formulating systemic pesticides.     

大豆蛋白质可降解材料研究综述

对大豆蛋白质可降解材料研究内容与进展:大豆蛋白原料种类、大豆蛋白质材料的改性方法(如增塑、酸调、交联和填充等)、大豆蛋白的热分析(如玻璃化转变温度Tg和热降解温度的测定)以及大豆蛋白材料的加工方法和加工条件等进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

增塑剂对淀粉基可食性餐具使用性能的影响

以山梨醇、甘油、乙二醇和聚乙二醇600等4种增塑剂作为可食性淀粉基餐具的添加剂。研究不同增塑剂对淀粉基餐具的吸水性、吸油性和最大承载等使用性能的影响。结果表明，添加量是24g时，4种增塑剂能改善淀粉餐具的吸水性和吸油性，提高餐具的负重能力。从试验结果可以看出．山梨醇和甘油可以显著改善餐具的使用性能。