Energy crops,livelihoods, and legal deforestation: A case study at Phu Wiang National Park,Thailand

Thailand aims to increase the use of renewable and alternative energy by 25% of total consumption under the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2012–2021) by 2021, which include outputs from energy crops. This initiative is likely to put pressure on land resources, especially near parks and protected areas. Our study examined energy crop plantations, farmer responses to the AEDP, and community roles in forest protection in four villages adjacent to Phu Wiang National Park, Thailand in 2014. The majority of respondents (80%, n = 50) used their land for rice cultivation, but many villagers increased plantings of sugarcane (54%) and cassava (20%) because of high market demand for energy crops. Only a few examples of agricultural expansion into the national park were observed. Nevertheless, encroachment is likely to occur at this and other national parks as a result of government incentives to plant energy crops and the limited availability of agricultural land. Reliance on community-based management strategies may not be powerful enough for villagers to withstand the pressures of modernization, materialism, and other socioeconomic influences, possibly negating the effect of sustainability. Striking an equitable balance between government policies, community development, and forest protection will be a challenge for resource managers.     

正交设计法优选亚麻籽饼粕中亚麻木酚素的提取工艺

通过对亚麻籽饼粕中开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷的提取工艺进行正交试验,并结合TLC结果,确定了提取溶剂为0.1 mol KOH溶于1 L70%乙醇,料液比为1:8,提取5 h。然后利用大孔吸附树脂与TLC相结合的方法,探讨了亚麻籽中SDG的分离纯化,并根据HPLC分析结果确定了最佳的分离纯化工艺条件。结果表明:KOH-乙醇-水提取与大孔吸附树脂相结合制备SDG提取物的方法与传统分离方法相比,得率高、工艺操作简单且安全无毒。     

SDG分离富集5-Br-PAN-S光度法测定水样中微量铁的研究

研究了铁 (Ⅱ )与5 -Br -PAN -S的显色条件。在 pH3.5～11的缓冲液中 ,形成1∶2型的稳定配合物 ,配合物的最大吸收峰位于540nm和740nm波长处 ,740nm处的表观摩尔吸光系数(ε=1.90×104L/(mol·cm)。铁量在0～80μg/25mL范围内符合比尔定律。采用巯基葡聚糖凝胶(SDG)分离干扰离子富集铁 ,提高了方法的选择性。     

The challenge for the soil science community to contribute to the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by 193 Governments at the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2015 for achievement by 2030. These SDGs present a roadmap to a sustainable future and a challenge to the science community. To guide activities and check progress, targets and indicators have been and are still being defined. The soil science community has published documents that describe the primary importance of soil for SDGs addressing hunger, water quality, climate mitigation and biodiversity preservation, and secondary relevance of soil for addressing several other SDGs. Soil scientists only marginally participated in the SDG discussions and are currently only peripherally engaged in discussions on targets or indicators. Agreement on several soil‐related indicators has still not been achieved. Involvement of soil scientists in SDG‐based studies is desirable for both developing solutions and increasing the visibility of the soil profession. Inputs into policy decisions should be improved as SDG committee members are appointed by Governments. Possible contributions of soil science in defining indicators for the SDGs are explored in this paper. We advocate the pragmatic use of soil–water–atmosphere–plant simulation models and available soil surveys and soil databases where “representative” soil profiles for mapping units (genetically defined genoforms) are functionally expressed in terms of several phenoforms reflecting effects of different types of soil use and management that strongly affect functionality.     

亚麻木脂素对小鼠淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、IL-2免疫功能的影响

文章为研究亚麻木脂素对小鼠免疫功能的影响,选用雌雄各半,体重18～22 g的ICR小鼠120只,随机分为对照组和试验低、中、高3个剂量组,小鼠分别经口给予0.6,1.2,3.6 g.kg-1.d-1的木脂素(SDG),持续30 d后测其各项免疫指标,结果表明,3个剂量组的小鼠T淋巴细胞中IL-2细胞活性分别提高57.8%、64.2%、67.4%;巨噬细胞吞噬水平分别提高55.4%、57.0%、59.7%,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01);中、高剂量组可使小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化率分别提高58.9%、62.3%;溶血空斑数分别增加51.8%、53.1%;NK细胞活性分别提高58.9%、62.7%,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结果表明木脂素具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

水稻SDG711蛋白C末端原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

[目的]对水稻SDG711蛋白C末端进行原核表达,并制备其多克隆抗体。[方法]选取水稻SDG711蛋白抗原决定簇较密集的C末端进行原核表达,通过构建原核表达载体pET28a-711C,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白后进行纯化,再以纯化的融合蛋白为抗原免疫新西兰白兔,制备多克隆抗体,并对其进行Western-blot分析。[结果]试验制备的多克隆抗体能有效地检测抗原的表达。[结论]该研究为进一步深入研究SDG711蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

不同植物激素诱导拟南芥SDG8的表达模式

与植物激素在植物整个生命周期中起着多重作用类似,基因SDG8对植物生长、发育、代谢、抗性等多个方面也具多效性。对拟南芥Col-0和转p SDG8::GUS植株分别进行KT、ABA、GA3、IAA、Me JA和Me SA喷洒处理24h后,用GUS试剂和RT-q PCR研究SDG8基因的表达模式。结果显示,在植物营养生长阶段和使用的激素浓度范围内,这6种激素对SDG8基因的表达调控有4种模式:KT高低浓度都抑制表达;ABA低浓度促进表达,高浓度表达量下降;GA3低浓度与高浓度促进表达的水平相同;随IAA、Me JA和Me SA浓度增加表达水平提高。这些结果从总体上揭示了植物激素对SDG8的表达趋势的影响,对进一步研究植物激素与SDG8基因相互作用有一定的参考价值。     

Trading places: Inclusive cities and market vending in the Pacific Islands

Rapid population growth in Pacific island cities far exceeds employment opportunities and is contributing to rising urban inequality and social exclusions. Livelihoods in the informal urban sector, such as market vending, provide much needed income, rural–urban connectivity and food security, but remain largely excluded from policy and planning frameworks. Spatial, economic and social exclusions limit vendors’ economic advancement, their influence over decision‐making, and their access to basic services. Local communities close to informal markets fill some of the gaps left by the policy neglect, but investment and strategic management remains inadequate when vendors do not have secure market places and recognised rights to work. This article reports on a study of three informal markets in Honiara, Solomon Islands. These markets lack legal status but make significant contributions to urban development and economic opportunities. Drawing on surveys and focus groups with vendors and urban decision‐makers we explore the impact of informal markets on urban economies, how social and institutional relationships hinder vendors’ economic advancement, and the opportunities to create more inclusive livelihoods that could contribute to equitable cities.     

AtSDG8启动子区域功能元件的分析

启动子控制着基因表达的起始和程度,对基因的活动起着“开关”作用.为了深入了解基因SDG8的功能与特性,对SDG8启动子进行了初步的功能分析.以GUS作为报告基因,选取长度不同的两个启动子片段构建载体,转化到拟南芥中,获得转基因植株SLP和SSP.通过GUS基因的表达分析推测SDG8启动子的核心功能区域在-873～-2706 bp之间,这一结果为进一步研究SDG8基因的功能和结构打下了基础.     

亚麻木酚素的提取工艺研究

对亚麻木酚素（SDG）的提取工艺进行了初步研究,并采用均匀设计对其提取条件进行了优化。结果表明,最佳提取溶剂为甲醇,最佳提取方法为浸提法,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶16,甲醇浓度80%,温度45℃,pH值3.5,提取时间2h,此条件下SDG的得率和提取率最高,分别为36.8%和14.6%。采用氧化铝脱色效果较好,氧化铝与原料用量之比为1.25∶1,脱色时间为20min。