大豆耐盐性种质的分子标记辅助鉴定及其利用研究

大豆耐盐种质的鉴定对于促进大豆耐盐育种具有重要作用。本文利用已获得的大豆耐盐性基因的共显性PCR标记，对选自于国家作物种质库的59份耐盐和盐敏感种质加以鉴定，同时进行了田间耐盐性重复鉴定，并对种质库耐盐性记载结果、田间耐盐性重复鉴定结果与分子标记鉴定结果进行比较，从中选出田间耐盐性重复鉴定结果与分子标记鉴定结果一致的耐盐种质42份，分析了这些种质间的遗传多样性，为大豆处质资源的改良及耐盐遗传育种中的亲本选配提供了理论依据，同时对分子标记应用于种质鉴定和育种实践进行了有益的尝试。     

Development of the Nondestructive Leaf Area Estimation Model for Valeriana (Valeriana jatamansi Jones)

Leaf area (LA) is an important parameter related to plant growth and physiology. An allometric model was developed to estimate the LA of endangered medicinal plant Valeriana jatamansi using linear measurements such as leaf length (L) and width (W). LA and other leaf dimensions were measured using a laser leaf area meter. Leaves from seven accessions of valeriana were collected from the experimental site during 2015. Different regression models were developed between LA and other leaf components, viz. L, W, etc. The linear model having LW as an independent variable (y = 0.487 + 0.644 LW) provided the best estimation [coefficients of determination (R²) = 0.974, root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.222, coefficient of variation (CV) = 4.529]. Validation of the selected model showed a higher correlation between the actual leaf area (ALA) and the predicted leaf area (PLA) [R² = 0.956, RMSE = 2.310, CV = 5.319, predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS) = 1067.352].     

不同山茱萸种质资源形态和ISSR遗传多样性研究

利用形态特征和ISSR标记对35份山茱萸种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,利用NTSYSpc-2．11F软件分析遗传相似系数,UPGMA方法聚类,构建亲缘关系系统图。结果表明,35份山茱萸在9个性状上差异明显;分子标记中9条引物共得到条扩增条带179条,其中有164条呈现多态性,占91．6％,遗传相似系数变化范围O．575-0．877。对其进行数据化处理后聚类,35份山茱萸材料可划分为2个类群6小组,材料的聚类结果与地理分布、形态特征有一定的相关性。     

Assessment of genetic diversity in cashew germplasm using RAPD and ISSR markers

Diversity and genetic relationship in 100 cashew germplasm accessions were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Using 10 selected RAPD primers 60 bands were generated, of which 51 bands were polymorphic (85%), and with 10 selected ISSR primers 67 amplified bands were observed with 58 polymorphic bands (86.6%). Though both kinds of markers discriminated the accessions effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD + ISSR) resulted in better distinction of accessions. By combining markers, a total of 127 bands were detected, of which 109 bands (85.8%) were polymorphic and produced on an average of 5.45 polymorphic bands per primer. Primers with high polymorphic information content and marker index were identified for discriminating accessions. High percentage of polymorphism (>85%) observed with different markers indicated high level of genetic variation existing among the accessions. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.43 to 0.94 in RAPD, 0.38 to 0.89 in ISSR and 0.43 to 0.87 with combined markers suggested a diversity (dissimilarity) ranging from 6 to 57%, 11 to 62% and 13 to 57% respectively and the diversity skewed around 50% indicated moderate diversity. The cluster analysis with UPGMA method separated the accessions broadly into 13 clusters and in that three into smaller clusters. Some correspondence between the molecular groupings and the morphological clusters were observed. Among the accessions, NRC-142 and NRC-12 were highly divergent and NRC-231 and NRC-232 were genetically similar.     

海南龙血树种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR标记,对96份海南龙血树种质的遗传多样性进行研究。从100个ISSR引物中筛选出10个多态性明显、反应稳定的引物,共扩增出134条谱带,平均每个引物能扩增出13.4条带,多态性条带比率达99.25%。材料间遗传相似系数为0.589 6～0.985 1,POPGENE结果分析表明,平均Shannon信息指数(I)为0.370 2,平均Nei’s基因多样性(H)为0.232 1,每位点平均有效等位基因(NE)为1.369 2。用UPGMA法将96份海南龙血树种质分为4大类。     

Intra-specific Variation for Salt Tolerance in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Thirty-six accessions of linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) were screened for salt tolerance at the seedling stage after 2 weeks growth in solution culture salinized with 150mol m⁻³ NaCL Considerable variation in salt tolerance was observed in this set of germplasm. Two salt-tolerant accessions, T-5(69-S9)B and LS-2 and two salt-sensitive accessions P-70 and Aver-Rer-Seic, selected at the seedling stage, were grown to maturity in sand culture salinized with 0 (control), 70, 140, and 210 mol m⁻³ NaCl. Both the salt-tolerant accessions exceeded the two salt-sensitive accessions in biomass production, seed yield, and yield components, but the accessions did not differ significantly in seed oil content in the salt treatments. The tolerant accessions accumulated greater amounts of Na⁺ in the shoots and less in the roots compared with the salt-sensitive accessions. The shoot K⁺, K: Na ratios, and K⁺ versus Na⁺ selectivity were lower in the salt-tolerant accessions compared with the salt-sensitive accessions; the reverse was true for their roots. Contributions of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ to osmotic adjustment were much higher in the two salt-tolerant accessions than in the salt-sensitive ones.
It has been established that there is a great deal of variation for salt tolerance in linseed. The degree of salt tolerance of this crop does not vary during ontogeny. The physiological basis of salt tolerance of this species appears to be associated with the inclusion of Na⁺ in the shoots.     

Agrobiodiversity of eleven accessions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mucuna pruriens</Emphasis> (L.) DC. var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">utilis</Emphasis> (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck (velvet bean) collected from four districts of South India

Eleven accessions of an under-utilized legume, Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck (velvet bean) were collected from four districts of South India and their agronomic characters were evaluated. The vegetative growth characters such as the germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant were recorded. The yield based characters such as the number of clusters/plant (4–14), number of flowers/cluster (3–15) and the fertility index (66–91%) were observed. The seed yield reaches 2.9–6.9 t/ha. The number of seeds per pod, seed weight and the seed recovery percentage were also calculated. The level of diversity in the agrobotanical traits of velvet bean observed in the present study could be of interest in a breeding programme.     

黄秋葵作为禽用着色剂的品种比较试验

通过14个作为禽用着色剂的黄秋葵品系比较试验,分析其种子发芽率、产量(叶片、茎杆、种子)、营养成分(叶片、茎杆)。结果表明:14个品系的种子发芽率差异极显著,其中021和007-1发芽率最高,达到92.5%;叶片和茎杆平均干物质产量差异均亦极显著,004-2叶片干物质产量最高,达到4948kg/hm2,018茎秆干物质产量最高,达到7103.4kg/hm2;008的营养价值最高;种子产量007-1最高,公顷产量大于3000kg。综合评价,018品系作为禽用着色剂较适合推广种植。