基于实测高光谱和Landsat 8 OLI影像的土壤盐化和碱化程度反演研究

针对宁夏银北地区土壤盐碱化定量监测的需要,利用实测土壤高光谱和Landsat 8 OLI多光谱影像数据采用多项式、多元线性回归等方法进行土壤含盐量和pH值反演研究,并对影像光谱反演模型进行校正,以提高遥感定量反演精度。结果表明:(1)基于实测光谱的土壤含盐量反演精度均高于基于OLI影像反演精度;基于实测光谱敏感波段反射率反演精度高于实测盐分指数反演精度,其中实测光谱经平滑后敏感波段建立的模型效果最佳(R~2=0.695)。(2)基于实测光谱平滑后敏感波段建立的pH值反演模型精度最高且最稳定(R~2=0.545),基于OLI影像光谱反演精度低于实测光谱,但也通过了显著性检验和精度验证。(3)经实测光谱模型校正后的Landsat 8 OLI影像光谱的土壤含盐量反演模型R~2从0.347提高到0.623。研究结果可以为准确、快速地定量监测当地土壤盐分含量、pH值的变化提供科学依据和技术手段。     

粮-草轮作对吉林省西部盐渍化土壤的改良效果

采用田间小区试验,研究了苜蓿、玉米轮作对吉林省西部中度苏打盐碱土的培肥改良效果。结果表明:中度碱土进行粮-草轮作后,土壤物理、生物和化学性状都得到明显改善,土壤容重呈现逐渐下降的趋势,孔隙度则逐渐增加;土壤化学性质的变化表现为pH值、总碱度、交换性钠等指标下降较大,交换性钙含量增加;土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性明显增强,玉米产量呈稳定增加的趋势。说明粮-草轮作对中度盐渍化土壤具有较好的综合培肥改良效果,适用于吉林西部盐碱土的培肥改良。     

我省西部盐碱洼地开发种稻的潜力途径和措施

<正> 1988年我省水稻面积为759.19万亩,比1949年增加近2倍,平均每年增加12.3万亩。总产由5.96亿公斤发展到27亿公斤,增加4.5倍。但总的说,发展速度还是较慢,且波动较大。1983年省委提出到1990年水稻总面积要发展到1000万亩,总产达30—35亿公斤。就目前全省不同地区水稻发展的面积及单产的情况看,实现这一战略目标的方针应是:东部地区,扩大水田面积很困难,以均衡增产,提高单产为主;西部地区,应以扩大面积和     

Study on Cultural Technologies and Salt-resistance of Nitraria sibirica in Coastal Areas with Serious Salt-affected Soil

In this research, five Nitraria sibirica provenances such as Dayilu were selected to do experiment of salt-resistance, combining fixed plots test with typical plot investigation, measuring survival rate and growth as main indicators. The experiments of main cultural technology were done on Nitraria sibirica in 4 types of site preparation, 3 types of planting, 3 designs for planting density. The Nitraria sibirica experiments for the effects of curbing salt and improving soil were done by testing soil nutrients, salt content, soil physical properties as focal points in typical site of 3-4 years woods. The experiment results showed that the Nitraria sibirica could survive well with soil salt content of 0.6%, and that survival rate declined distinctively as soil salt content exceeded 0.8%. However, high soil salt content did not influence growth in the year of planting. There were obvious differences in salt-tolerance among Nitraria sibirica provenances; Dayilu was the best on salt-tolerance, the other 4 pro     

不同樱桃番茄品种对盐碱土壤适应性观察

樱桃番茄因其果形可爱,果味鲜美,营养丰富受消费者青睐,其抗病力强、耐碱、耐盐的特点使其成为改良滨海盐碱土壤的重要蔬菜之一.为筛选出适合响水及其周边盐碱地区栽培的丰产、优质、抗病的品种,我们有目的地引进多个品种进行比较试验,现将结果报告如下.     

发酵醋渣制肥对盐碱化土壤性质和麦苗生长的影响

土壤盐碱化已成为全球性资源环境问题,严重制约农业活动和生态环境的可持续发展。通过选用酵母菌(Saccharomyces)、圆褐固氮菌(Azotobacterchroococcum)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)4株菌复配菌剂,接种于湿热灭菌(121℃,20min)的醋渣中,发酵培养,制备得到生物肥料,分别以质量比5%、10%、20%、30%与盐碱土混合,进行盆栽试验,探究其对于盐碱化土壤和小麦幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,施加5%、10%、20%、30%醋渣微生物菌肥均降低了盐碱土壤pH值,分别降低了0.12、0.62、0.44、0.52个单位;均提高小麦幼苗的出苗率和株高;但土壤的电导率提高了15.65%～73.76%,与添加量成正比。