Origin软件在研究市售滴灌产品水力性能中的应用

滴灌是一种受到广泛关注的低压节水灌溉技术,滴灌产品作为承栽该技术的载体,其质量直接影响了滴灌技术的推广。通常那些制造偏差小、流量均匀度高、抗堵塞性能强、单位成本低的滴灌产品才能得到更广泛的应用。采用最小二乘法,使用origin软件对市售的4种主要滴灌产品压力一流量关系进行拟合计算,结果表明：使用该软件拟合的流量及水利性...     

Genetic evidence for speciation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis</Emphasis> (Cannabaceae)

Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, and ruderal populations from Eastern Europe. The indica gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from eastern Asia, narrow-leafleted drug strains from southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America, wide-leafleted drug strains from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and feral populations from India and Nepal. A third putative gene pool includes ruderal populations from Central Asia. None of the previous taxonomic concepts that were tested adequately circumscribe the sativa and indica gene pools. A polytypic concept of Cannabis is proposed, which recognizes three species, C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis, and seven putative taxa.     

香港土壤研究 Ⅲ.土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其来源初探

通过对香港地区53个土壤样品多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的分析,并利用GIS空间数据管理功能,揭示了香港土壤中PAHs的含量和空间分布特征,同时,运用比值法定性地判断了土壤中PAHs的来源。研究结果表明:香港土壤中可以检测出16种美国环保署规定的优控PAHs中的15种(二苯并(a,h)蒽未被检测到),郊野土壤中PAHs的平均含量为34.2±16.0μg kg-1,而城区土壤中PAHs的平均含量为169±123μg kg-1,港岛动植物公园土壤中的苯并(a)芘的含量最高达到了47.2μg kg-1。在PAHs的来源上,前者的PAHs可能主要来自山火焚烧,而后者可能主要与城区的汽车尾气排放有密切的联系。     

Dual origin of the cultivated rice based on molecular markers of newly collected annual and perennial strains of wild rice species, Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon

The direct ancestor of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is believed to be AA genome wild relatives of rice in Asia. However, the AA genome wild relatives involve both annual and perennial forms. The distribution of the retrotransposon p-SINE1-r2, a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) at the waxy locus was analyzed in diverse accessions of the AA genome wild relatives of rice (O. rufipogon sensu lato). Most annual wild rice accessions had this retrotransposon, while most perennial types lacked this element, contradicting results to the previous studies. Results presented here suggest that O. sativa has dual origin that lead to indica-japonica differentiation. Results suggest the indica line of rice varieties evolved from the annual genepool of AA genome and the japonica varieties from the perennial genepool of AA genome wild rice.     

Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to reduce the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth

Soil compaction is of great importance in agriculture, because its high levels may adversely affect plant growth and the environment. Since mechanical methods are not very efficient and economical, using biological methods to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on plant growth may be beneficial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, and (2) test the hypothesis that applying arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with different origins can partially or completely overcome the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn growth under unsterilized and sterilized conditions. Corn was planted in unsterilized and sterilized compacted soils, while treated with three species of AM including, Iranian Glomus mosseae, Iranian Glomus etunicatum, and Canadian Glomus mosseae, received from GINCO (Glomales in vitro Collection), Canada. Plant growth variables and soil resistance parameters were determined. AM significantly increased root fresh (maximum of 94% increase) and dry (maximum of 100% increase) weights in the compacted soil. AM with different origins may improve corn growth in compacted soils, though its effectiveness is related to the level of compaction and also to the interaction with other soil microorganisms.     

头骨形态指标鉴别水貂来源有效性的评估

人工驯养野生动物是获取野生动物产品的重要手段,但是非法盗猎的野生动物产品以人工饲养的名义进入市场,就会对野生动物的保护形成挑战。因此,准确鉴别市场上的动物产品是来自养殖场还是野外,是保护野外种群,维持养殖业正常秩序的关键。本研究以北美水貂(Neovison vison)为例,基于颧骨内侧空间(ZAS)、颧宽(ZAA和ZBA)、颅基长(BSL)、下颌长(MDL)、眶后收缩(POC)和最大面部宽度(GFB)等量度,建立了9个头骨形态计量学指标:POC/GFB、POC/BSL、POC/MDL、ZAS SQRT/BSL、ZA SSQRT/MDL、ZBA×BSL/2ZAS、ZBA×MDL/2ZAS、ZBB×BSL/2ZAS和ZBB×MDL/2ZAS。野生组(n=32,9雄23雌)和饲养组(n=45,35雄10雌)的比较表明,除POC/GFB外,所有指标对于在两组样品之间均有显著差异,整体判别正确率为73.2%—85.5%。在性别已知的情况下,雄性的整体正确率为82.4%—93.8%,雌性为41.7%—85.7%。为此,应针对不同性别、不同来源的动物建立相应的参考数据,利用似然比进行鉴别。本研究的结果不仅可用于北美水貂的鉴别,也为其他小型食肉动物的鉴别提供经验。     

中国枇杷属种质资源及普通枇杷起源研究

大量调查表明,中国的枇杷属植物极为丰富。现已发现有14个种和1个新类型─—大渡河枇杷。根据花期的不同和老叶叶背有无绒毛将它们分成4组。通过比较大渡河枇杷、栎叶枇杷和普通枇杷的形态、花粉特征以及茎皮、根过氧化物酶同工酶后认为,大渡河枇杷是一新变种,Eriobotrya prinoides Rehd.＆ Wils.var.daduheensis H.Z.Zhang.。形态上,最接近于普通枇杷,可能是普通枇杷的始祖之一。本文在结合分析植物群落、地理、气侯条件及普通枇杷的生物学特性和野生分布后认为,贡嘎山东南坡的大渡河中下游地区可能是普通枇杷的起源中心。     

枣起源演化及生物技术育种研究进展

枣(Z iziphus jujubaM ill.)是我特色果树树种之一,本文评述了近几年国内栆属植物分类、栆的起源演化、栆品种孢粉学、分子生物学以及胚培育种等方面的研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

塔城地区不同季节腐败微生物来源分析

[目的]考察新疆塔城地区冷却羊肉车间不同季节微生物的变化情况.[方法]采用传统微生物的检测方法,测定羊屠宰车间和羊胴体表面细菌总数、大肠菌群、假单胞菌及乳酸菌数量在不同季节的变化.[结果]夏季屠宰车间空气中的菌落总数超出了参照标准,其菌落总数达到4.45 logCFU/cm3.羊的屠宰过程均存在一定程度的微生物污染.该屠宰场夏季屠宰羊胴体表面微生物污染程度较高,屠宰车间空气质量状况较差.[结论]该研究可为提高新疆地区的羊胴体肉品卫生质量和加强肉品卫生质量控制提供参考.