土地资源结构与农林牧合理用地布局的探讨——以甘肃省河西走廊为例

本文以土地资源结构理论为依据,论述了甘肃省河西走廊地区的农业分区,土地资源质量数量结构、农林牧合理用地构成及区域开发的整体布局。     

我国防沙治沙科研的突破口初探-以河西走廊沙区为例

河西走廊的防沙治沙科研在我国广大沙区具有代表性。河西走廊防沙治沙科研存在的主要问题是 :⑴宏观战略研究薄弱 ,研究缺乏系统性。主要表现在 :治沙措施散件得不到优化组合 ,其功能得不到充分发挥 ;研究客体之间互相割裂 ,缺乏从总体上控制沙漠化的研究 ;农业开发与生态资源保护的结合点问题没有解决 ;研究课题重复。⑵散件成果多属定性结论 ,缺乏操作性。运用系统科学的思想方法是治沙科技发展的突破口 :只有运用系统科学的思想方法才能科学处理生态资源保护、生态环境建设和资源开发利用三方面的关系 ,才能实现各种防沙治沙措施的优化配置 ,才能实现治理结果的持续稳定。运用现代数学方法建立沙区生态环境综合治理数学模型才能科学处理多系统的复杂关系。现代数学方法是系统科学的主要方法。运用系统科学的思想方法和现代数学方法是治沙科技发展必须达到的 ,是治沙科技发展的突破口。     

河西走廊典型绿洲景观格局比较研究--以张掖、临泽、高台、酒泉为例

以地处河西走廊的张掖、临泽、高台和酒泉等县 /市级行政区为景观单元 ,利用LandsetTM影像资料的目视解译 ,在ArcView 3.1和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS的支持下 ,计算各绿洲景观格局指标。结果表明 :荒漠类型在四个绿洲景观组分中占绝对优势 ,其次为水浇地 ,但不同绿洲水浇地所占比例相差较大 ,酒泉最高 ,张掖其次 ,高台最低 ;斑块数、斑块密度、边缘密度和平均斑块面积的差异表明 ,张掖绿洲景观类型最多且斑块粒径小 ,而高台则完全相反 ,体现出单调而粒径粗大的荒漠绿洲特征。     

河西走廊酿酒葡萄热量条件鉴定

运用相关分析和Log istic生长曲线方法,对河西走廊酿酒葡萄田间试验观测资料进行了分析,确定了酿酒葡萄的关键生育期以及全生育期各生育阶段温度指标和低温冻害指标,为河西酿酒葡萄区域化生产提供了可供参考的气候资料。     

河西走廊水资源特征及其循环转化规律

河西走廊水资源主要以雪冰水资源、地表水资源与地下水资源的形式存在,分布于石羊河、黑河、疏勒河3大相对独立的流域水系.南部祁连山区发育大小河流共计57条,多年平均出山径流量71.29×108 m3,总体而言,近50 a出山径流变化比较稳定.走廊平原主要由8个大型的构造地貌盆地组成,盆地地下水主要接受出山河水及引灌河水的入渗补给,是地表水资源的重复表现形式,多年平均地下水补给量为42.42×108 m3.近50 a来,地下水补给量减少了17.19×108 m3,由此引起泉水资源23 a来衰减了24.6%.受构造地貌的制约,自南部山区至北部盆地,地下水与河水之间经过5个不同地带有规律的、大数量的、重复的转化过程,形成完整统一的"山区地下水-地表水-南盆地地下水-地表水(泉水)-北盆地地下水"水资源循环系统.     

Landscape ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> invasion in networks of linear wetlands

The interaction between landscape structure and spatial patterns of plant invasion has been little addressed by ecologists despite the new insights it can provide. Because of their spatial configuration as highly connected networks, linear wetlands such as roadside or agricultural ditches, can serve as corridors facilitating invasion at the landscape scale, but species dynamics in these important habitats are not well known. We conducted a landscape scale analysis of Phragmites australis invasion patterns (1985–2002 and 1987–2002) in two periurban areas of southern Québec (Canada) focusing on the interaction between the network of linear wetlands and the adjacent land-uses. Results show that, at the beginning of the reference period, the two landscapes were relatively non-invaded and populations occurred mostly in roadside habitats which then served as invasion foci into other parts of the landscape. The intrinsic rates of increase of P. australis populations in linear anthropogenic habitats were generally higher than those reported for natural wetlands. Riparian habitats along streams and rivers were little invaded compared to anthropogenic linear wetlands, except when they intersected transportation rights-of-way. Bivariate spatial point pattern analysis of colonization events using both Euclidian and network distances generally showed spatial dependence (association) to source populations. An autologistic regression model that included landscape and edaphic variables selected transportation rights-of-way as the best predictor of P. australis occurrence patterns in one of the landscapes. Given the high invasion rates observed, managers of linear wetlands should carefully monitor expansion patterns especially when roads intersect landscapes of conservation or economic value.     

Urban permeability for birds: An approach combining mobbing-call experiments and circuit theory

The urban matrix was recently shown to be a mosaic of heterogeneous dispersal habitats. We conducted a playback experiment of mobbing calls to examine the probabilities of forest birds to cross a distance of 50 m over urban matrix with different land-cover types in an urban area. We treated the reciprocal of the crossing probabilities as a movement resistance for forest birds. We drew resistance surfaces based on the land-cover maps of urban Sapporo. We applied a circuit theory to examine the relative role of a detour route consisting of a riparian corridor and urban matrix for dispersing forest bird individuals from continuous forest to an isolated green space in the midst of an urban area. Our results showed that wood cover had the highest crossing probability, while open land (grassland and pavement) had the lowest probabilities. Buildings and water surface displayed an intermediate probability. Resistance surfaces and flow maps at 25- and 50-m resolutions were very similar and suggested that dispersing individuals are likely to use the intervening building areas that dominate the urban matrix rather than detour through riparian corridors. Our results showed the useful combination of experimental approaches and circuit theory, and the importance of the spatial configuration of corridors, as well as the composition and management of dispersal habitats, to landscape connectivity.     

不同紫花苜蓿品种在河西走廊盐碱地的适应性研究

通过田间试验测定不同紫花苜蓿品种的株高、分枝数、茎叶比、生物量、出苗率和越冬率,评价16个紫花苜蓿品种在河西走廊盐碱地的适应性,遴选出适宜河西走廊盐碱地种植的紫花苜蓿品种。结果表明:参试的16个紫花苜蓿品种,骑士T、SR4030和巨能的出苗率较高,甘农3号的出苗率最低;16个紫花苜蓿品种间株高差异不显著(P0.05);BR4010、WL343HQ、阿迪娜、亮苜2号和WL363HQ的分枝数显著大于标靶和金皇后的分枝数;岩石和德宝的叶茎比显著高于金皇后和骑士3的叶茎比;德宝、亮苜2号和骑士T的产量大于其他品种;亮苜2号和骑士3的越冬率显著高于甘农3号和SR4030的越冬率;阿迪娜和WL343HQ的倒伏率最小,骑士T和标靶的倒伏率最大。以株高、分枝数、茎叶比、生物量、出苗率和越冬率为变量因子,通过聚类分析将16个紫花苜蓿品种聚为6类,综合评判结果认为,亮苜2号、骑士T、德宝适宜种植于河西走廊盐碱地。     

河西生态林业建设成就、问题及对策

论述了生态林及林业可持续发展的概念，总结了甘肃河西生态林业40多年建设成就，针对河生态林业可持续发展中所存在的问题，提出了生态林业可持续发展的对策。     

Causes of Sandstorm Disaster and Strategies against Desertification——A Case Study of Hexi Corridor in Northwest China

This case study outlines the problems faced by the peoples of the Hexi Corridor. These problems are serious and urgent, and are representative of those faced by other communities right across western China. The root causes are outlined and some remedies are suggested. The practical measures proposed under China's National Action Plan to Combat Desertification are described and discussed.