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1.
选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明:不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。  相似文献   
2.
We have studied the reaction of Picea abies seedlings to infection with Pythium. The highly virulent species Pythium ultimum and the less virulent species Pythium irregulare germinated on the root and hypocotyl surface, formed appressoria and penetrated through the stomata as well as through the epidermis. No major differences in the growth of both fungal species were observed during the early events of colonization. The less virulent species formed about 25% more appressoria suggesting that the fungus experienced difficulties with penetration. Differences were observed in the response of the host plant to infection. Autofluorescence, possibly related to deposition of lignin or lignin-like materials increased more in cortical and endodermal tissue colonized with the highly virulent P. ultimum than with the less virulent P. irregulare. Chitinase activity was highest in the tissues most extensively colonized by the fungus. In addition, a systemic increase of chitinase activity was also detected. Interestingly, chitinase activity increased systemically in cotyledons which were never in contact with the pathogen, indicating the translocation of a systemic signal. Salicylic acid was also detected in spruce seedlings; its level increased in roots during infection with the less virulent P. irregulare.  相似文献   
3.
The wheat cultivar Kariega expresses complete adult plant resistance against stripe rust, whereas cv. Avocet S is susceptible. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, initial fungal penetration into flag leaves was identical in both cultivars, with directional germ-tube growth towards stomata that were penetrated without the formation of an appressorium, followed by differentiation of a substomatal vesicle, infection hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria. During the following 4 days, further fungal development occurred more quickly in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivar. However, by 7 days postinoculation (dpi) the situation changed, with exponential growth of the pathogen occurring only in the susceptible line. Induced cellular lignification, a typical defence reaction of cereals, was observed at 4 dpi in the resistant cultivar, and 2 days later lignified tissue completely surrounded the fungal colonies. In the susceptible cultivar, isolated lignified host cells occurred at 6 dpi, and long, unbranched fungal hyphae outgrowing the resistance reaction were observed.  相似文献   
4.
Phenolic compounds in plant disease resistance   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We propose that an important first line in plant defense against infection is provided by the very rapid synthesis of phenolics and their polymerization in the cell wall. This rapid synthesis, which leaves no time forde novo enzyme synthesis, is regulated by the extreme pH-dependence of the hydroxylase, catalyzing the formation of caffeoyl-CoA from 4-coumaroyl-CoA. We further propose that elicitor treatment or infection causes rapid membrane changes leading to a decrease in cytoplasmic pH. This decrease would have the effect of activating the hydroxylase.  相似文献   
5.
Five fungal isolates (Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phoma and a sterile fungus) from zoysiagrass rhizosphere that promote plant growth were tested for their ability to induce systemic resistance in cucumber plants against Colletotrichum orbiculare. Roots of cucumber plants were treated with these fungal isolates using barley grain inocula (BGI), mycelial inocula (MI) or culture filtrate (CF). Most isolate/inoculum form combinations significantly reduced the disease except BGI of Trichoderma. These fungal isolates were also evaluated for induction of systemic resistance against bacterial angular leaf spot and Fusarium wilt by treatment with BGI. Penicillium, Phoma and the sterile fungus significantly reduced the disease incidence of bacterial angular leaf spot. Phoma and sterile fungus protected plants significantly against Fusarium wilt. Roots treated with CFs of these fungal isolates induced lignification at Colletotrichum penetration points indicating the presence of an elicitor in the CFs. The elicitor activity of CFs was evaluated by the chemiluminescence assay using tobacco callus and cucumber fruit disks. The CFs of all isolates elicited conspicuous superoxide generation. The chemiluminescence activity of the CF of Penicillium was extremely high, and its intensity was almost 100-fold higher than that of other isolates. The chemiluminescence activity was not lost following treatment with protease or autoclaving or after removal of lipid. The MW 12,000 dialyzed CF fraction was highly effective in eliciting chemiluminescence activity. Chemiluminescence emission from cucumber fruit disks treated with Penicillium was the same as that obtained from tobacco callus, except that the lipid fraction also showed a high activity. Both the MW 12,000 fraction and the lipid fraction induced lignification in the epidermal tissues of cucumber hypocotyls.  相似文献   
6.
为了探讨低温条件下乙烯对采后菜薹木质化的影响,以‘四九菜薹’为试材,分别用不同浓度(100、200和500μL·L~(-1))乙烯利处理,置于1℃低温下贮藏,并于0、24、48、72和96 h取样,进行木质素含量、相关酶活性测定以及相关基因表达分析。结果表明:不同浓度乙烯利处理均提高了菜薹茎部的木质素含量和木质素合成途径中4–香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4-CL)、过氧化氢酶(POD)的活性;200μL·L~(-1)乙烯处理提高了2个乙烯响应因子(ERF)BcERF2、BcERF1B以及2个POD基因BcPOD67、BcPOD69的表达。乙烯利处理促进了采后菜薹木质化的进程,推测乙烯可能通过乙烯响应因子BcERF2和BcERF1B调控BcPOD69、BcPOD67等参与木质素的生物合成。  相似文献   
7.
Trihelix转录因子可以和光应答相关的GT元件结合,因此又称GT转录因子。本研究从梨基因组中鉴定出16个Trihelix家族基因,依次命名为PbGT1~PbGT16,从同属于蔷薇科的草莓和桃基因组中分别鉴定出11和16个Trihelix家族基因。染色体定位与基因复制事件分析表明,梨、草莓和桃Trihelix家族成员分别分布在12、6和8条染色体上,且梨Trihelix家族存在片段复制事件。种间系统进化树分析表明,梨、草莓和桃Trihelix家族成员分为6个亚族,梨家族成员(PbGT)属于GT-2、Subfamily O和SIP1亚族。结合进化关系及qRT-PCR验证,筛选出PbGT15可能参与调控梨果实石细胞团木质化。  相似文献   
8.
【目的】枇杷果实采后生命活动旺盛,衰老速度快,常温下极易变质腐烂。低温贮藏虽然可以有效延长贮藏期,减少腐烂,但会出现果皮难以剥离、果肉木质化并褐变、质地糙硬少汁等品质劣变现象,这是造成冷藏枇杷商品性丧失和损失的主要原因,已成为其市场拓展的限制因素,是当前枇杷果实在冷链集散和流通中急需解决的关键问题。探讨外源NO处理对冷藏枇杷果肉木质化劣变进程的作用机制,并分析木质化劣变与能量代谢的关系,以期为进一步研究采后枇杷果实低温品质劣变进程调控的分子生物学机理和贮运保鲜技术奠定基础。【方法】将‘解放钟’枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)果实在密闭容器中用0(对照组)、15和25 μL•L-1 NO熏蒸2 h后,取出通风20 min,然后将各处理果实置于5℃、相对湿度85%条件下贮藏,测定冷藏期间各处理组果实细胞膜透性、硬度、出汁率、木质素含量、ATP含量、ADP含量、AMP含量、能荷值及琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)、H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活性的变化,并分析NO处理后木质素含量与能荷值间的相关性。【结果】随着贮藏时间的延长,枇杷果实细胞膜透性和硬度逐渐上升,出汁率逐渐下降,贮藏10 d后木质素含量迅速上升,果实冷害症状明显。与对照组相比, NO处理能延缓细胞膜透性和硬度的上升及出汁率的降低,显著抑制木质素的合成,较好地保持细胞膜的完整性,从而减轻果实冷害的发生。冷藏期间,枇杷果实ATP含量逐渐下降,贮藏前10 d ADP含量迅速下降并最终维持在较低水平,贮藏中后期(15—30 d)SDH、CCO、H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活性急剧下降,表明线粒体功能受损导致枇杷果实能荷水平迅速下降。与对照组相比,NO处理可以延缓ATP、ADP含量的下降,且显著抑制贮藏中后期SDH、CCO、H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活性的降低,保持枇杷果实较好的线粒体功能;贮藏30 d后,15 和25 μL•L-1 NO处理的枇杷果实能荷值分别比对照组高11.8%和12.9%。相关性分析表明,15和25 μL•L-1 NO处理的枇杷果实能荷值和木质素含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数(r)分别为 -0.715**、-0.598**。【结论】低温条件下,能量代谢失调与枇杷果实木质化劣变密切相关,NO处理可以通过调节SDH、CCO、H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase线粒体代谢相关酶活性,维持较高的能量水平,从而有效地提高冷藏枇杷果实抗低温的能力,进而延缓果实木质化进程,其中以25 μL•L-1 NO处理效果较好。  相似文献   
9.
不同薄膜包装对茭白贮藏过程中品质变化的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以带壳鲜茭白为试材,用低密度聚乙烯和复合薄膜进行包装处理,在(1±1)℃和90%-95%RH下贮藏40 d,分析茭白叶绿素、纤维素、木质素、嫩度、表皮色泽和维生素C等品质变化,结果表明:薄膜包装对茭白表皮的绿化、纤维化、木质化、Vc降解和失重都有一定的延缓作用,其中复合膜包装的贮藏效果比低密度聚乙烯更为显著,贮藏40 d后,叶绿素、木质素和硬度增加量比低密度聚乙烯包装分别低11.9%,17.1%和3.6%,白度指数和Vc保留率分别高5.6%和17.45%.表明复合保鲜膜更适合于带壳茭白保鲜.  相似文献   
10.
李桦  梁春强  吕茳  胡苗  李佳颖  饶景萍 《园艺学报》2017,44(6):1085-1093
研究了5 mmol·L~(-1)草酸溶液处理对采后‘华优’猕猴桃冷藏过程中木质化的调控。结果显示,草酸处理显著降低了果实冷藏期间木质素含量和总酚含量,显著抑制了木质素合成过程中重要酶——苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、4–香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4-CL)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性。结合果实切面和石蜡切片,‘华优’果实木质素的积累主要发生在果肉组织和果心的维管束组织中;草酸能够有效减少低温下‘华优’猕猴桃果实木质素含量,这可能与其降低果实木质素合成关键酶的活性有关。  相似文献   
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