The Construction Strategy of Small Towns Based on Ecological Concept

Based on the perspective of ecological concept,this study first interpreted the background of ecological civilization construction,and combed the relationship between ecological concept and small town planning.Second,it expounded the ecological problems of natural resources,economic development,landscape system,social humanities and other aspects in the construction of contemporary small towns.According to the study,the construction of small towns based on the ecological concept should establish the concept of "ecology first",practice "multiple compliance",coordinate the relationship with other planning,make reasonable planning and design in the aspects of town scale,functional orientation,structural form,road traffic,landscape style and features,humanistic characteristics,and strengthen the implementation,supervision and management of planning.Finally,summary and outlook was made,hoping that the study will be of reference value and guidance to the planning and construction of small towns.     

现代住宅小区园林景观与中国山水画理的融合

现代小区园林景观作为城市居住环境的一个重要组成部分,具有改善小区居民生活环境,提高居民生活质量的重要作用。针对目前许多居住小区仿照西方园林景观设计建造,失去中国传统的园林特色的现状,提出在现代小区园林景观设计中融入中国山水画的元素及天人合一思想的对策。通过分析合肥＂世纪阳光花园＂现代中式园林景观,探索现代住宅小区园林景观与中国山水画理相融合,营造出源于自然,高于自然的宜居、舒适、诗画般的生活空间的具体方法。     

Flow alteration and thermal pollution depress modelled growth rates of an iconic riverine fish,the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii

The serial discontinuity concept (SDC) proposes that hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundments cause major disruptions to the naturally occurring physical, chemical and biological gradients of rivers but that this impact diminishes with distance downstream. Such a gradient in discharge, flow velocity and temperature regime occurs below a large hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundment, the Hume Dam, on the River Murray in south‐eastern Australia. To examine the effects of this disturbance gradient on a warm‐water large‐bodied freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a bioenergetics model was developed and calibrated to explore energy expended under differing water velocities and temperature regimes. Model simulations predicted negative growth of juveniles directly downstream of the impoundment, due largely to the energetic costs associated with active and, to a lesser extent, standard metabolism outweighing the achievable energetic gains through food consumption. As flow velocity and temperature regimes became more favourable downstream, so did the simulated growth of the species. It was not until +239 km downstream of the impoundment that the model predicted that flow velocity and temperature regimes were suitable for greater weight gains. The modelled growth responses of juvenile Murray cod are consistent with the predictions of the SDC, emphasising that changes in the bioenergetics of individuals are likely to be reflected in reduced growth rates under the changed flow velocity and temperature regimes imposed by disturbance gradients. This research represents a valuable step in the biological understanding of Murray cod within variable riverine environments and emphasises the urgency required to mitigate impacts associated with hypolimnetic impoundments.     

工程机械新型传动系统的特性分析

介绍了静液压传动这一新型动力传动系统的特点.通过详细分析该系统液压元件类型的选择、排量与传动变速比关系及该类系统特性参数之间的关系,得出了在实际使用中,为了保证工程机械在大功率工况下,不降低经常工况的效率,提高传动变速比与其它传动形式的匹配方案.通过对匹配方案的分析为工程车辆的开发设计提供理论基础和方法.     

广州市龙洞公园的设计理念和特色

基于广州市龙洞公园的悠久历史和区位优势,其设计理念强调挖掘本土文化风韵、开发文化景观、延续生态脉络,在公园设计中包括用地布局、功能结构、景观特色、道路设计、绿地种植、生态工程等方面,均展示了地域文化、生态及艺术的大地景观。     

森林公园的概念、类型与功能

经过十多年的努力 ,我国的森林公园建设正逐步走向科学化、规范化和制度化的管理轨道 ,但有关森林公园的概念、类型和功能等一些基本问题仍有许多不同的观点 ,本文就森林公园的概念、类型和功能等理论问题进行了分析和探讨     

Determination of a common forest life cycle assessment method for biodiversity evaluation

Forest biodiversity is highly linked with the occurrence of certain forest development phases (fdp) within the forest life cycle. Generally, the disintegration phase provides the highest biodiversity. The objective of the study was to test different existing forest life cycle assessment approaches aiming at developing a common reliable fdp assessment method. We tested and compared three approaches to record fdp in beech, mixed beech and spruce forests, in managed and unmanaged forests, and in four different plot sizes ranging from 125 to 2000 m². The main results of the fdp comparison are as follows:

(1)

In approximately two thirds of the cases the three considered methods did not yield a corresponding fdp record.

(2)

Generally, the larger the plot sizes, the larger the average fdp deviation in forest reserves.

(3)

The fdp deviation is stronger in beech or spruce dominated forest reserves than in mixed beech forest reserves.

(4)

Plots of 500 m² show most distinct numbers of microhabitats corresponding to the fdp sequence within the forest life cycle.

(5)

Furthermore, the managed forests mostly show lower fdp deviation than the forest reserves.

One approach resulted in the most differentiated portrayal of the studied forest structures compared to the other two as shown by the facts that, (a) the studied forests are seen to be divided up into more fdp than when applying the other two methods, and that (b) the dominant fdp changed depending on the forest community and plot size reflecting different growth conditions and probabilities to meet large dimensioned trees during records, respectively, and (c) considering the distribution of microhabitats which are crucial for xylobiontic (saproxylic) organisms, this approach resulted in the assumed biodiversity patterns with increasing microhabitat numbers up to the disintegration phase thus it was used as a basis for the creation of an optimized fdp assessment method as a tool for common and standardized use in forest ecology and biodiversity research.     

海岸基干林带作业设计新理念探索——以浙江瑞安市海岸基干林带建设为例

以浙江瑞安市海岸基干林带建设为例,在基干林带内部结构方面,提出海岸基干林带为生态系统聚集体的新理念,把生态系统作为构成海岸基干林带的基本单元。瑞安市海岸基干林带通过扩充基干林带规模,增加水面空间,形成林水交融的多系统综合体,显著提高基干林带的防风滞浪滞洪功能;在基干林带功能定位方面,提出在强化基干林带防风护岸基本功能的前提下,加强基干林带滞洪泄洪和景观美化功能,建设具有复合功能的新型基干林带。瑞安市海岸基干林带充分利用林水交融的景观特点,加强观花、观叶、观果树种的营造,实现休闲娱乐空间在防护林带中的合理布局,不仅赋予基干林带生态防护功能,而且使其具有独特的生态旅游功能,与基干林带周边发达的社会经济条件相衔接,提高基干林带的自我经营能力。     

浅谈中国园林与古典文学的关系

园林与文学二者都是艺术的反映,是人们在生活中提炼和积累起来的,二者的关系密不可分,互相促进,互相联系,只是表现形式不同。园林以特有的形式特性,如造园要素、色彩、线条、质地,花草的芳香、园林的音乐等,向游园者传递着审美信息。而文学却是一种以语言符号为载体,经过作者精心构思和创作而达到一定审美要求的艺术品。     

用科学发展观指导三北防护林工程建设

根据科学发展观的总体思想,从三北防护林建设实际着手,论述了如何用科学发展观指导三北防护林工程建设。应在认识上和工程建设实践中辩证地处理好保护与发展、质量与数量、规模与效益、政府与市场、生态与经济的关系,统筹协调好相关建设原则和有关发展问题,把握住坚持以人为本等六个关键环节。