新疆地衣植物研究历史回顾

本文根据作者１９８５年以来在新疆地衣的研究工作，特别是１９９１年申请到国家自然科学基金课题以后所作的研究工作的基础上，比较前人所做的工作而写出的回顾型论文。标本采集点共计４０个，包括阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑山等山脉，共采集六千多号标本，经过处理鉴定初步定名地衣植物有２６９种，２６５种隶属于８目，３０科，８５属，另半知菌类４属，４种。新疆地区已定名地衣种，主要系泛北极植物区系成分，包括欧、亚森林植物亚区     

托木尔峰自然保护区地衣的补充研究

我们根据多年的研究并结合前人的工作进一步地整理了分布在新疆托木尔峰自然保护区的地衣种类。分析该地区的地衣种有１２０个，分别隶性于４９属，其中有１１个变种和４个变型。调查中我们还发现该地区地衣随着海拔高度的升高而有所不同，北坡和南坡也有明显的差异。     

Indicators of biodiversity, what do they indicate? - Lessons for conservation of cryptogams in oak-rich forest

In the Nordic countries, sets of Indicator (Signal) species, predominantly cryptogams, have been used as one measure to find forest stands which may harbour Red List species. Such data could potentially also be used to prioritise among stands for protection as nature reserves. We studied if the number of Signal species indicates the number of Red List species in oak-rich mixed forest in south Sweden. We also explored if species richness of the investigated groups is correlated with the number of Red List or Signal species. In 25 stands, we surveyed epiphytic and epixylic bryophytes and lichens, ground-floor bryophytes, and wood-living fungi. We studied correlations for two datasets; (1) all forest species and (2) deciduous forest specialists. When relating the number of Signal species to the number of Red List species for each taxon and in total, a significant correlation was found for temperate deciduous forest lichens. The number of Signal species was further significantly correlated to total species richness for lichens (all forest species) and for wood-living fungi (both datasets). The number of Red List lichens was correlated to total lichen richness (deciduous forest species). Signal species seem not to be unequivocal in prioritising potential reserves among valuable oak-rich woodlands and surveys by Red List species experts may be needed. Signal species may be more useful for finding relatively valuable sites in a matrix of production forest. Moreover, Signal species seem to be useful surrogates for total cryptogam species richness.     

Lichens and bryophytes on Eucalyptus obliqua in Tasmania: management implications in production forests

Thirty lichen and 25 bryophyte species have been recorded from the buttresses of Eucalyptus obliqua, the dominant tree in wet sclerophyll forest at the Warra Long-Term Ecological Research Site in southern Tasmania. The flora, characterised by four major associations, is very distinctive, containing a relatively high number of eucalypt specialists, particularly among the lichens. A general trend towards increasing species richness with increasing tree diameter is apparent and is attributed mainly to increasing habitat diversity on the buttresses. The increase in species occurs without the loss of pioneers; thus succession involves addition rather than replacement of species. The relationships between epiphytes, tree age and forest age are complicated by the periodic occurrence of fires in the forest. Nevertheless, potential oldgrowth indicators are identified and the possible effects of current silvicultural practices on the conservation of the species are discussed.     

History and forest biodiversity of woodland key habitats in south boreal Sweden

Forest exploitation has destructed forest habitats in Fennoscandia during last centuries. Vital components of existing forest biodiversity have been identified as small (a few ha) woodland key habitats (WKHs). Many WKHs in boreal forest landscapes are assumed to represent remnant near-natural forests from before the phase of industrial forest exploitation. Thus, WKHs are supposed to (i) exhibit a low degree of exploitation, (ii) have old-growth characteristics and (iii) host Red-list species. Yet, WKHs’ history and biodiversity have not been systematically investigated. Thus, their conservation values remain unclear. This study investigates history and biodiversity of 15 WKHs in central Sweden with retrospective methods and field studies. We analyze (1) forest structure before, during and after the forest exploitation period, (2) existing biodiversity, i.e. species and structural elements, and (3) to what extent human activities (forestry) have influenced current biodiversity. Our results indicate that forest structure within the areas that currently are classified as WKHs has changed dramatically since the mid-19th century, when forests were unaffected by logging. The results suggest that fire-suppression during last century, gradually increased logging until mid-20th century and abandonment by modern forestry during the late 20th century, are main causes behind this transformation. Less than 10% of studied WKHs had biological features that resembled those of pristine boreal forests. Thus, most studied WKHs cannot be classified as near-natural or remnants of pristine forest. We suggest that the program for WKHs give more focus to pre-industrial forest structure, local historical aspects being seriously regarded and ecological restoration efforts being introduced.     

河北省武安国家森林公园地衣调查初报

对采自武安国家森林公园地衣种类进行了鉴定与分类,初步确定地衣15属21种,其中河北省地衣新记录种1种：裂果双缘衣Diploschistes actinostomus（Pers.）Zahlbr.,并对21种地衣的基物、地理分布特点以及新记录种的形态特征作了初步的讨论。     

藻、苔藓、地衣对园林植物的危害及其防治

园林环境中,藻、苔藓、地衣等孢子植物是一类有害的生物,应当引起大家重新认识与重视。笔者就藻、苔藓、地衣类植物对园林植物的为害特点、形态识别、发生发展规律及其防治措施进行初步的总结介绍。     

Lichen community change in response to succession in aspen forests of the southern Rocky Mountains

In western North America, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is the most common hardwood in montane landscapes. Fire suppression, grazing and wildlife management practices, and climate patterns of the past century are all potential threats to aspen coverage in this region. If aspen-dependent species are losing habitat, this raises concerns about their long-term viability. Though lichens have a rich history as air pollution indicators, we believe that they may also be useful as a metric of community diversity associated with habitat change. We established 47 plots in the Bear River Range of northern Utah and southern Idaho to evaluate the effects of forest succession on epiphytic macrolichen communities. Plots were located in a narrow elevational belt (2134–2438 m) to minimize the known covariant effects of elevation and moisture on lichen communities. Results show increasing total lichen diversity and a decrease in aspen-dependent species as aspen forests succeed to conifer cover types. The interactive roles of stand aspect, basal area and cover of dominant trees, stand age, aspen bark scars, and recent tree damage were examined as related to these trends. We developed an aspen index score based on lichens showing an affinity for aspen habitat (Phaeophyscia nigricans, Physcia tenella, Xanthomendoza fulva, Xanthomendoza galericulata) and found a significant negative relationship between the index and successional progression. Indicator species analysis showed the importance of all stages of aspen-conifer succession for lichen community diversity and highlighted the decline of aspen-dependent species with advancing succession. We present a landscape-level community analysis of lichens in the context of a conceptual model for aspen succession for the southern Rocky Mountains. We conclude that while total number of lichen species increases with succession, aspen-dependent species cover and richness will decline. In this way, epiphytic lichens communities may constitute an effective indicator of community-level diversity in for aspen-dependent species at-large.     

利用东方黄梅和犬地卷微核千分率研究环境污染

本文通过地衣植物藻类细胞微核检测技术测定了分布于天山菊花台和后峡地区地衣藻类细胞微核千分率（ＭＣＮ‰）及环境污染指数,并进行了ｔ检查。结果表明（ＭＣＮ‰）有明显差异。从两个分布区２种地衣细胞观察分析来看,后峡地区地衣藻类细胞的污染指数都在３．５以上,通过ｔ检查也可以看到,差异极度显著所获得的数据表明,后峡区受到严重的污染。     

蒙山地衣调查初报

通过对多年调查获得的蒙山地衣标本进行整理,统计出蒙山地衣共２８种,隶属于１６属１０科。